Biological Macromolecules

Question 1

Functional Groups

Answer 1

Carboxyl -COOH
Hydroxyl -OH
Amino -NH2 -OH
Phosphate -PO4
Carbonyl -CO and -COH 
Methyl -CH3
Sufydhyl -SH

Question 2

Carboxyl

Answer 2

R=- COOH

Acetic acid

Question 3

Nucleus acid

Answer 3

Monomers are nucleotides

Important because it makes up DNA/RNA important because it tells the cell how to grow,reproduce, etc

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

Monomers are amino acid
Each amino acid has a side structure that is different
Humans have 20 different amino acids and need 9 to survive.
Side structure determine the structure and function of the protein.

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

Polarity
Crates the membrane
Both hydrophobic/Hydrophilic.
Fats, phospholipids and steroids.

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

Monomers and polymers of sugars

Bonding

Question 7

Saturated Fat

Answer 7

No Double carbon bond
Solid at room temperature
Butter, etc

Question 8

Unsaturated Fat

Answer 8

Has a double bond Carbon
Liquid at room temperature because of that.
Oils, etc

Question 9

Nucleotides

Answer 9

Monomers to nucleus acid

Building blocks

Question 10

Nucleus acid

Answer 10

D

Question 11

Lipids

Answer 11

Land

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

D

Question 13

Carbonyl

Answer 13

• COH Aldose

- CO- KEYTONES

Question 14

Polymer

Answer 14

Long molecules consisting of many building blocks

Question 15

Dehydration reaction

Answer 15

Occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.

Question 16

Hydrolysis

Answer 16

Reaction that reverses dehydration reaction of monomers

Question 17

Monosaccharides

Answer 17

molecular formular usually multiples of CH2O. Glucose most common Location of Carbonyl determines if its Aldose or ketose.

Question 18

Disaccharides

Answer 18

Formed when dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides .

Question 19

Glycosidic bond

Answer 19

Covalent bond that bonds two monosaccharides

Question 20

polysacharrides

Answer 20

complex of sugars, have storage and structural roles.

Question 21

Glycogen

Answer 21

Two polysaccharides stored in liver and muscles,

Question 22

Steroids

Answer 22

Estradiol, Testeriol

lipids with carbon fused rings w/ CH3

Question 23

Cholesterol

Answer 23

A type of steroid is a component in animal cell membranes and a precursor for where other steroids are synthesized.
High levels may contribute to cardiovascular disease.

Question 24

Proteins

Answer 24

50% of dry mass in most cells. Functions:Storage, transport, movement, structural support, digest, hormones, enzymes, toxins, defense.
Consist of one or more polypeptide.

Question 25

Poly peptides

Answer 25

unbranched polymers built from three amino acids

Question 26

Amino Acid

Answer 26

organic molecules with amino and carboxyl groups. have side chains (R groups) that differ in properties.

Question 27

Peptide bonds

Answer 27

Links the hydroxy to amino in amino acids.

Question 28

polypeptide

Answer 28

ploymer of nucleic acid. 1k of monomers and have a carboxy end and amino end (c and N terminus)

Question 29

How many structures of Protein

Answer 29

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Question 30

Second structure of Protein

Answer 30

consist of B plated sheats and A helix Held in place by H bonds.

Question 31

Tertiary structure

Answer 31

overall shape of polypeptide. Interactions between chemicals (ionic, hydrogen, van der waals)

Question 32

Disulfide bridges

Answer 32

Strong covalent bonds that may reinforce the proteins structure.

Question 33

Quaternary structure

Answer 33

Help stabilize the general structure and (two more polypeptide chains form.

Question 34

Denaturation of Protein

Answer 34

Loss of protein native structure. Makes it biologically inactive,.

Question 35

What can cause a Protein to become damage / impaired

Answer 35

Alterations in PH, salt concentration, temperature, or environmental factors.

Question 36

Nucleic acid

Answer 36

Monomoers are nucleotides, Nucleic acids are ploymers called polynucleotides.

Question 37

Nucleotides

Answer 37

COnsists of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate groups.the portion of nucleotide without a phosphate group is called a nuceloside

Question 38

phosphodieseter linkage

Answer 38

links nucleotides. Phosphate group links the sugars of two nucleotides.

Question 39

DNA

Answer 39

Carries genetic code, remains in the nucleus, double helix, deoxribose sugar, cytosine, thymine, adenine and guanine

Question 40

RNA

Answer 40

involved in protein synthesis, leave the nucleus, usually single stranded and RIbose sugar, cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine