Biological Molecules

Question 1

Describe carbohydrates

Answer 1

Used by cells for respiration and as structural components in membranes and cell walls, storage (starch and glycogen)

Question 2

Describe lipids

Answer 2

Used for respiration, the bilayer of plasma membranes, some hormones

Question 3

Describe proteins

Answer 3

Used for many cell structures, enzymes, chemical messengers, transport and components of the blood

Question 4

Describe water

Answer 4

Solvent found as the major component of all cells

Question 5

Describe nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Answer 5

Carry the genetic code for the production of proteins, RNA part of ribosome structure

Question 6

Describe vitamins and minerals

Answer 6

Required for a range enzyme functions

Question 7

Define polymer

Answer 7

Long chain molecules made up of large numbers of repeating units linked together

Question 8

Give examples of polymers

Answer 8

Starch
Proteins
DNA

Question 9

Define monomer

Answer 9

One of the molecules linked together in the chain to form a polymer

Question 10

Give examples of monomers

Answer 10

Glucose
Amino acids
Nucleotides

Question 11

What is made when 2 monomers are linked together?

Answer 11

A dimer

Question 12

What is made when 3 monomers are linked together?

Answer 12

A trimer

Question 13

Describe a condensation reaction

Answer 13

Whenever 2 biological molecules are joined together water is produced
This is a condensation reaction

Question 14

Give the equation that produces maltose (formation of a dimer)

Answer 14

Alpha glucose + alpha glucose -> maltose + water

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 -> C12H22O11 + H2O

Question 15

Give the general word equation that produces a dipeptide

Answer 15

Amino acid + amino acid -> dipeptide + water

Question 16

Give the equation that produces a dinucleotide

Answer 16

Nucleotide + nucleotide -> dinucleotide + water

Question 17

Describe hydrolysis reaction

Answer 17

Biological polymers ( and dimers, trimers etc) can all be separated into monomers by adding water to break the bonds
Requires a catalyst (an enzyme)

Question 18

Give an example of a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 18

Maltose is hydrolysed to produce 2 glucoses

C12H22O11 + H2O -> 2C6H12O6

Question 19

Where in the human body does hydrolysis take place

Answer 19

Digestive system

Question 20

Where in the human body does concentration reaction take place

Answer 20

Ribosomes
Nucleus

Question 21

What are the monomers used to make DNA?

Answer 21

Nucleotides

Question 22

What type of reaction is used in the formation of a protein from amino acids?

Answer 22

Condensation

Question 23

What type of reaction is used in the production of glucose from starch

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

What type of reaction is used in the formation of DNA from nucleotides

Answer 24

Condensation

Question 25

What type of reaction is used in the production of amino acids from proteins?

Answer 25

Hydrolysis

Question 26

Describe the primary protein structure

Answer 26

Is a sequence of a chain of amino acids

Question 27

What is glycogen

Answer 27

Alpha glucose monomers

Question 28

What do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 28

Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen

Question 29

What are the types of carbohydrates?

Answer 29

Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

Question 30

Give examples of monosaccharide

Answer 30

Glucose Galactose Fructose

Question 31

Give examples of disaccharides

Answer 31

Maltose Lactose Sucrose

Question 32

Give examples of polysaccharides

Answer 32

Starch Glycogen Cellulose

Question 33

Explain how polysaccharides are formed

Answer 33

Condensation reactions form dimers called disaccharides Disaccharides link to form polysaccharides

Question 34

Describe monosaccharides

Answer 34

Simple sugars Names all end in ose General formula = Cn(H2O) Include: trioses (3 carbon atoms) Pentoses (5 carbon atoms e.g Ribose Hexoses (6 carbon atoms e.g Glucose, fructose, galactose)

Question 35

How is a glycosidic bond formed?

Answer 35

2 Alpha glucose molecules may be linked by a condensation reaction to form maltose