Cell Structure Flashcards
(21 cards)
What do all eukaryotic cells have?
A true nucleus
A nuclear envelope surrounding the chromosomes
Membrane-bound organelles
E.g chloroplasts and mitochondria
Describe function of nucleus
Controls the activities of the cell/ controls the cell retain genetic material
What is the function of ribosomes
Protein synthesis
What is the function of mitochondria
Site of respiration
What is the function of cell membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Protein synthesis on a larger scale
What is the function of Golgi apparatus
Transports, modify and store proteins and lipids
Produced by the SER and RER
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes that remove useless and harmful materials
What is the function of chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the cell wall
Structure and support
What is the structure of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope, membrane, nucleoplasm and nucleolus
What is the structure of ribosomes
Larger 80s and smaller 70s - in the cytoplasm or with RER
What is the structure of mitochondria
Double membrane
Outer= matrix
Inner = cristae
What is the structure of RER
Ribosomes are present, lots of folding to increase SA
What is the function of Golgi apparatus
Stack of membranes = flattened sacs and small hollow structures nearby called vesicles
What is the structure of SER
No ribosomes present
What is the structure of lysosome
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes called lysozymes
What is the structure of chloroplast
Double membrane
Arranged in stacks (grana) and free space (stoma) to trap light
What is the structure of cell wall
Made of a tough molecule called cellulose in plants
Explain the adaptions a cell can have that aids its function
Large surface area- increases rate of transport, maximises the exchange surface. Enables more proteins to be present in the membrane
Mitochondria - increased rate of respiration, increase in energy released, quicker metabolic activities
RER/Golgi - increased protein synthesis, increased transport of proteins and hormones to where needed, increased enzyme production. Increased metabolic activity
