Biological Molecules Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the four main types of biological molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Provide energy and structural support
What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
What are lipids?
Hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, and steroids
What is the function of lipids?
Energy storage and structural components of cell membranes
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
What is the primary function of proteins?
Enzymes, structural support, transport, signaling, and defense
What are nucleic acids?
Polymers of nucleotides
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the function of DNA?
Stores genetic information
What is the function of RNA?
Involved in protein synthesis
What is the structure of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base
What is the sugar component in DNA nucleotides?
Deoxyribose
What is the sugar component in RNA nucleotides?
Ribose
Which biological molecule is composed of long chains of amino acids?
Proteins
What is the bond that connects amino acids in proteins?
Peptide bond
What is the function of enzymes in biological molecules?
Catalyze chemical reactions
True or False: Lipids are water-soluble molecules.
False
Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates are made up of ____________.
Monosaccharides
What is the main function of nucleic acids?
Store and transmit genetic information
Which biological molecule is the main source of energy for living organisms?
Carbohydrates
What is the role of lipids in cell membranes?
Provide a barrier and regulate transport
What is the complementary base pairing in DNA?
Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
