BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES - Amino Acids & Enzymes Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?
Enzymes act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
True or False: Enzymes are consumed in chemical reactions.
False
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The region of the enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs.
Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the ________ of activation for chemical reactions.
energy
What type of biomolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What is the term for the substance on which an enzyme acts?
Substrate
What is denaturation of an enzyme?
The loss of the enzyme’s shape and function due to high temperature or extreme pH.
What is the name of the model that describes enzyme-substrate interactions?
Lock and Key model
What is the name of the model that suggests enzymes change shape upon binding with substrate?
Induced Fit model
What is the term for a non-protein molecule that helps an enzyme function?
Cofactor
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
How many different amino acids are commonly found in proteins?
20
Fill in the blank: Amino acids are linked together by ________ bonds to form proteins.
peptide
What is the term for the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
Primary structure
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
Regular, repeating patterns such as alpha helices and beta sheets.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
Overall 3D shape formed by interactions between amino acid side chains.
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
Structure formed by the interaction of multiple protein subunits.
What is a zymogen?
Inactive precursor form of an enzyme that requires activation.
What is the term for the specific region of an enzyme where a cofactor binds?
Cofactor-binding site
True or False: Enzymes are highly specific in the reactions they catalyze.
True
What is the name of the substance that inhibits an enzyme by binding to the active site?
Competitive inhibitor
What is the name of the substance that inhibits an enzyme by binding to a site other than the active site?
Non-competitive inhibitor
What is the term for the optimum pH at which an enzyme functions best?
Optimal pH
What is the term for the optimum temperature at which an enzyme functions best?
Optimal temperature
