Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are carbohydrates primarily made of?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are primarily made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 2

What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

Answer 2

The general formula for monosaccharides is (CH2O)n.

Question 3

True or False: Glucose is a disaccharide.

Answer 3

False: Glucose is a monosaccharide.

Question 4

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

The two main types of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.

Question 5

Name a common disaccharide.

Answer 5

Sucrose is a common disaccharide.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Polysaccharides are made up of _____ monosaccharides.

Answer 6

many

Question 7

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 7

The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide and store energy.

Question 8

Which carbohydrate is known as blood sugar?

Answer 8

Glucose is known as blood sugar.

Question 9

True or False: Starch is a storage form of carbohydrate in plants.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?

Answer 10

Cellulose is a polysaccharide.

Question 11

What is the process called when two monosaccharides join together?

Answer 11

The process is called condensation or dehydration synthesis.

Question 12

Name the bond formed between two monosaccharides.

Answer 12

The bond formed is called a glycosidic bond.

Question 13

What is glycogen?

Answer 13

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of glucose in animals.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The simplest form of carbohydrates is _____ .

Answer 14

monosaccharides

Question 15

What are the two main types of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Question 16

True or False: Lactose is composed of glucose and fructose.

Answer 16

False: Lactose is composed of glucose and galactose.

Question 17

What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?

Answer 17

Cellulose is the main structural component.

Question 18

Describe the structure of amylose.

Answer 18

Amylose is a linear chain of glucose units connected by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Question 19

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 19

Alpha glucose has the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 below the plane, while beta glucose has it above.

Question 20

What are dietary fibers primarily composed of?

Answer 20

Dietary fibers are primarily composed of non-digestible carbohydrates, mainly cellulose.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The storage form of carbohydrate in plants is _____ .

Answer 21

starch

Question 22

What is a common feature of all carbohydrates?

Answer 22

All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of approximately 1:2:1.

Question 23

What type of reaction breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

Answer 23

Hydrolysis reaction.

Question 24

True or False: All carbohydrates are sweet-tasting.

Answer 24

False: Not all carbohydrates are sweet-tasting.

Question 25

What is the role of carbohydrates in cell recognition?

Answer 25

Carbohydrates play a role in cell recognition by forming glycoproteins and glycolipids on cell surfaces.

Question 26

Name a polysaccharide that is used as a thickening agent in food.

Answer 26

Pectin is a polysaccharide used as a thickening agent.

Question 27

What type of carbohydrate is found in human milk?

Answer 27

Lactose is found in human milk.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy is called _____ .

Answer 28

cellular respiration

Question 29

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

Answer 29

Glycogen is the primary storage form.

Question 30

True or False: Fructose is a ketose sugar.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

What is the significance of carbohydrates in the diet?

Answer 31

Carbohydrates provide essential energy and are important for proper metabolism.

Question 32

What type of bond connects glucose molecules in starch?

Answer 32

Alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates can be classified based on the number of sugar units as _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 33

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 34

What is a common source of dietary carbohydrates?

Answer 34

Common sources include grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Question 35

What is the role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?

Answer 35

Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Question 36

Suggest how glycogen acts as a source of energy?

Answer 36

Hydrolysed to form glucose which can be broken down/hydrolysed further during aerobic respiration in mitochondria to form ATP which can be used in smaller quantities and easier for activities. such as muscle contraction.

Question 37

Describe structure of glycogen/starch?

Answer 37

Polysaccharides made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by glycosidic bonds and they are branched.