Biological Molecules And Human Nutrition

Question 1

What are glucose and starch?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Glucose formula

Answer 2

C6H12O6

Monosaccharide

Question 3

Glucose nutritional sources?

Answer 3

Sweet tasting foods

Such as fruits and vegetables

Question 4

Function of glucose in the body?

Answer 4

Short-term energy source

Broken down in respiration to release energy

Question 5

Starch formula?

Answer 5

C6H10O5

Polysaccharide

Question 6

Nutritional sources of starch?

Answer 6

Bread
Pasta
Potato

Question 7

Starch function in the body?

Answer 7

Converted into glucose for energy

Question 8

Protein chemical elements?

Answer 8

Organic compounds that contain

Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 9

Nutritional sources of protein?

Answer 9

Meat
Fish
Nuts

Question 10

Function of protein in the body?

Answer 10

Cell repair and growth

Making hormones, enzymes, cell membranes

Question 11

Lipids chemical elements?

Answer 11

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

The hydrogen-oxygen ratio is always greater than 2:1

Question 12

Lipids nutritional sources?

Answer 12

Oil

Butter

Question 13

Lipids function in the body?

Answer 13

Insulation

Energy store

Question 14

The chemical test for glucose?

Answer 14

Benedict’s test

Add a few drops of Benedicts reagent blue

Turns orange if glucose is present

You have to heat it in a water bath at about 60degrees

Question 15

Chemical test for starch?

Answer 15

Iodine test

Add iodine reagent

Orange-yellow - blue-black

Question 16

How do enzymes act as biological catalysts?

Answer 16

Enzymes are proteins functioning as catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 17

How are enzymes affected by temperature?

Answer 17

If the temperature hits 40 degrees or above the enzyme will become denatured

If the temperature fell, the rate of reaction would decrease because the molecules would have less kinetic energy, so collide less and bind less frequently at the active site

Question 18

How are enzymes affected by pH?

Answer 18

Enzymes have an optimum pH

If it changed substantially the rate of reaction would decrease because the enzyme would denature and the active site’s shape would change and therefore the substrate would no longer be able to fit into the active site

Question 19

Describe the process of ingestion..

Answer 19

Taking food into the body through the mouth

Mechanical digestion

Question 20

Digestion?

Answer 20

The chemical and mechanical breakdown of food. It converts large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules, which can be absorbed into the blood

Question 21

Absorption?

Answer 21

Digested food molecules pass through the wall of the small intestine and into our bloodstream

Question 22

Assimilation?

Answer 22

Where digested food molecules are distributed around the body by the blood system

The soluble food molecules are absorbed from the blood into cells of tissues and are used to build new parts of cells

Question 23

Egestion?

Answer 23

Removal of faeces by the body

Question 24

Enzyme(s) involved in the digestion of starch?

Answer 24

Salivary amylase

Pancreatic amylase

Question 25

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 25

In the pancreas

Question 26

Where is starch digested?

Answer 26

In the mouth In the small intestine

Question 27

What is starch broken down into?

Answer 27

Starch Maltose Glucose

Question 28

Enzyme(s) involved in the breakdown of protein?

Answer 28

Pepsin Trypsin

Question 29

Where is pepsin produced?

Answer 29

In the stomach

Question 30

Where is trypsin produced?

Answer 30

In the pancreas

Question 31

Where are proteins digested?

Answer 31

In the stomach In the small intestine

Question 32

What are the products of the digestion of protein?

Answer 32

Stomach: Proteins to peptides by pepsin Small intestine: Proteins to peptides by trypsin Peptides to amino acids by peptidases

Question 33

Enzyme(s) involved in the digestion of lipids?

Answer 33

Lipase

Question 34

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 34

In the pancreas

Question 35

Where are lipids digested?

Answer 35

In the small intestine

Question 36

Products of the digestion of lipids?

Answer 36

Lipase turns lipids into fatty acid and glycerol

Question 37

The roles of bile?

Answer 37

Neutralises stomach acid It's an alkali Turns any large lipid globules in the food into an emulsion of tiny droplets. This increases the surface area of the lipid so that lipase enzymes can break it down more easily

Question 38

How does the structure of the small intestine and the villi help the process of digestion?

Answer 38

Very long intestine- large surface area Folds in lining- larger SA Villi- larger SA It can quickly and efficiently absorb the soluble products of digestion into the blood

Question 39

Define the process of excretion

Answer 39

The removal of waste products from the body

Question 40

Substance(s) excreted from the lungs?

Answer 40

Carbon dioxide | Water vapour

Question 41

What is excreted from the skin?

Answer 41

Urea Salts Water

Question 42

What is excreted from the kidneys?

Answer 42

Urea | Water

Question 43

Describe the process of ultrafiltration

Answer 43

The high hydrostatic pressure forces small molecules such as water, glucose, amino acids, sodium chloride and urea through the filter, from the blood in the glomerular capsule into the bowman's capsule then the nephron

Question 44

define the process of excretion

Answer 44

The process of removing waste from the body