Blood And Immunity Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the composition of blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Antibiotic
Chemicals that kill bacteria that are produced by microbes like fungi
Antibiotic resistance
When DNA in a bacteria cell mutilates giving it the ability to escape the effect of antibiotics
Antibody
Proteins that are produced by white blood cells
They either break open or immobilise invading cells
Antigen
A foreign substance which causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it
Bacteria
A pathogen that feeds on other cells and releases poisons or toxins that make us ill.
Causes diseases such as food poisoning and cholera
Blood clot
Formed by platelets
Stops the body from having excess bleeding
The role of plasma ?
Transporting carbon dioxide Digested food Urea Hormones Heat energy
Adaptions of red blood cells for the transport of oxygen?
Small- can pass through narrow capillaries
Bi-concave disc shape-large surface area-oxygen absorbed and released rapidly
Contains haemoglobin- absorbs oxygen in lungs and release in the rest of the body
No nucleus- more space for haemoglobin
Types of pathogens?
Fungi
Bacteria
Protoctists
Viruses
Why do we have blood?
To transport substances around the body
Protection against disease by white blood cells
Control of the body-hormones in the blood that control the way our cells work
Heat, water and salts are carried all through the body
What is plasma?
Pale yellow liquid
Transports dissolved food molecules, carbon dioxide, urea and all the blood cells
55% of blood volume
Up to 95% water
Transports heat
Where are red blood cells produced/destroyed?
Produced in bone marrow
Get broken down in liver after three months
What are white blood cells?
Important part of immune system
Produce antibodies that destroy harmful microorganisms
Made in bone marrow
Destroy bacteria
1% of blood
Ingest pathogens and destroy them
1000 red blood cells:1 white blood cell
What are platelets?
Clump together to form clots
Protect the body from excessive bleeding
No nucleus
Only found in mammals
Haemophilia-dont have enough platelets-little cuts can be dangerous
What is haemoglobin?
Found in red blood cells
Carries oxygen from respiratory organs to the rest of the body
Releases it- aerobic respiration- energy
In mammals 35% of red blood cell
Can bind to up to 4 oxygen molecules
Contains iron
Protein
Haemoglobin and oxygen in oxyhemoglobin- lighter than just haemoglobin
Why is it bad it there is Carbon monoxide in the air?
It binds to the haemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin so there is not as much room for oxygen so the body does not get enough
Blood goes bright orange
What is anemia caused by?
Lack of iron in the diet
Why is iron needed in the diet?
It helps produce new red blood cells
Good source is green veg
Why are people with anemia pale and lack energy?
Don’t have many red blood cells to transport oxygen to the muscles for energy
Less red blood cells- paler blood
What percentage of the blood is red blood cells?
45%
How do phagocytes work?
Attracted to invading bacteria
The bacteria are surrounded by the cells cytoplasm
The bacteria are enclosed in a temporary vacuole
In the vacuole they are broken down by powerful enzymes
How do lymphocytes work?
They attack bacteria using antibodies
Antibodies- proteins that attach to the surface of bacteria or virus- breaks open or immobilises cells by sticking them together
Each type of antibody is specific - attacks only one type of bacteria
