Biological Molecules: Structure of DNA and RNA Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is DNA?
deoxyribonucleic acid
what does RNA stand for?
ribonucleic acid
what does DNA do?
holds genetic information
what does RNA do?
transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
what are ribosomes formed from?
RNA and proteins
what are the monomers of DNA and RNA?
nucleotides
what are nucleotides formed from?
pentose, nitrogen-containing organic base and phosphate group
what are the components of a DNA nucleotide?
deoxyribose, phosphate group and one of the bases(guanine,cytosine, adenine, thymine)
what are the components of a RNA nucleotide?
ribose, phosphate group and one of the bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, uracil)
what does a condensation reaction between two nucleotides form(bond)?
phosphodiester bond
which molecule has a short polynucleotide chain?
RNA molecule
what are two possible structures of the nitrogenous bases?
- purine
- pyramidine
what are examples of purine?
- guanine
- adenine
what are examples of pyramidine?
- cytosine
- thymine
how many hydrogen bonds does adenine and thymine have?
2
how many hydrogen bonds does guanine and cytosine have ?
3
what are the differences between RNA and DNA(5)?
- in DNA there is hydrogen bonding between strands and in RNA there is hydrogen bonding within strands
- DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded
- DNA has a longer nucleotide chain, RNA has a shorter nucleotide chain
- RNA has a ribose sugar, DNA has a deoxyribose sugar
- RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine
how is a phosphodiester bond formed between 2 nucleotides?
- condensation reaction between the phosphate and deoxyribose
- catalysed by DNA polymerase
what is the DNA molecule?
- double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs
