Biological Science

Question 1

Multicellular organisms such as plants and animals

Answer 1

Eukaryotes

Question 2

Function
Transporting of DNA to messenger RNA, it has it’s own membrane, allowing the passage of materials and proteins needed for DNA replication

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

Responsible for the production of proteins. Can be free and not bound to any membrane, or can be to the outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Ribosomes

Question 4

Two types: smooth and rough

Answer 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Has ribosomes attached it the Outer surface, produces proteins

Answer 5

Rough

Question 6

Doesn’t have ribosomes attached, transports the proteins out of the cell

Answer 6

Smooth er

Question 7

Modifying and packaging proteins and other macromolecules in the cell, can take the process of exocytosis so the materials can be secreted for the cell

Answer 7

Golgi bodies

Question 8

Termed the suicide sacs of cells because of their involvement with digestion within the cells. They will also use the digestive enzymes to break down parts of the cell that are no longer any use it the cell

Answer 8

Lysosomes

Question 9

Sore materials, are sacs within the cell that house the range of materials for later use

Answer 9

Vacuoles

Question 10

Powerhouse
Ability to produce the energy for life. This is accomplished by carrying out the process of Aerobic respiration. It has an inner and outer membrane

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria are called?

Answer 11

Cristae they are packed with proteins needed for the election transport chain to carry out its function so The mitochondria can continuously produce ATP

Question 12

Present in plants, contains a substance called chlorophyll to carry out the process of photosynthesis

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

Has a number if micro tubule fibers to provide shape and structure of a cell, made up of protein

Answer 13

Cytoskeleton

Question 14

Not present with the cell, located outside the cell and allow the cell to move

Answer 14

Cilia/ flagella

Question 15

Not considered an organelle, it’s a lipid bilayer containing both hydrophilic and hydrophilic portions to keep a watery environments in and out of the cell as needed. It’s selective as to what is entered into the cell. Proteins are present for some transport and carbohydrates for cell identification

Answer 15

Cell membrane

Question 16

Present in plant cells, cellulose containing giving the plant cell rigidity

Answer 16

Cell wall

Question 17

Particles naturally move from higher concentration to lower

Answer 17

Diffusion

Question 18

The concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell

Answer 18

Isotonic solution

Question 19

The solution outside the cell is lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell

Answer 19

Hypotonic solution

Question 20

The outside solution has a higher concentration of solute in he cell

Answer 20

Hypertonic

Question 21

Transportation that occurs form a high concentration to a low concentration naturally without and without any additional energy

Answer 21

Passive transport

Question 22

Materials need to be moved from an area of low concentration to one higher concentration

Answer 22

Active transport

Question 23

Simple sugars

Answer 23

Monosaccharides

Glucose and fructose

Question 24

In order to form disaccharides and starches the removal of water is called?

Answer 24

Dehydration synthesis

Question 25

Larger starches or polysaccharides have water added to them to break down into simple sugars for use by cells

Answer 25

Hydrolysis

Question 26

Protein contains ?

Answer 26

Carbon, hydrogen,nitrogen and oxygen

Question 27

The primary sequence of proteins is the order in which amino acids have formed what?

Answer 27

Peptide bonds | Hemoglobin is an example

Question 28

Complex proteins that function to regulate the rate at which reactions occur

Answer 28

Enzymes

Question 29

They are catalysts that aim to lower the amount of energy it takes for a reaction to occur

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 30

Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Made up from the dehydration synthesis of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.

Answer 30

Lipids

Question 31

Lipid chain is single it is classified as ?

Answer 31

Saturated fat

Question 32

Lipid classified as double bond it is?

Answer 32

Unsaturated

Question 33

Stored by the body as an energy reserve and can provide twice per gram than protein and carbohydrates

Answer 33

Lipids

Question 34

The building blocks for DNA AND RNA. Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, five Carbon sugar and a nitrogen base , the phosphate group is what joins the chain together

Answer 34

Nucleic acids

Question 35

Molecule that supplies energy is called?

Answer 35

ATP

Question 36

Method that requires oxygen is called?

Answer 36

Aerobic

Question 37

Method that does not require oxygen is called ?

Answer 37

Anaerobic

Question 38

Anaerobic process that splits a six carbon glucose molecule into a three carbon pyruvic acid molecule. ATP is needed, provided it enters aerobic process

Answer 38

glycolysis

Question 39

Pyruvic acid can be further used to carry out anaerobic processes. Yeast us an example

Answer 39

Fermentation

Question 40

After the pyruvic acid is formed the mitochondria of the cell work to convert acetal- CoA enters kerns cycle. During this process 32 ATP molecules are formed along with water

Answer 40

Aerobic respiration

Question 41

Carried out process in the chloroplasts of a plant cell and is similar to aerobic respiration

Answer 41

Photosynthesis

Question 42

Pathways for energy synthesis

Answer 42

Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic respiration Photosynthesis

Question 43

Macromolecule in cells that codes for how amino acids form proteins, double strained helix that has complimentary nucleic acids that are hydrogen bonded together

Answer 43

DNA

Question 44

Exists as a messenger and has nitrogen bases that matches up with nucleic acids for DNA and it pairs up with uracil

Answer 44

RNA

Question 45

Process that involves most new cells are produced by eukaryotes, and at the end produces two daughter cells

Answer 45

Mitosis

Question 46

Produces sex cells

Answer 46

Meiosis

Question 47

Steps to mitosis

Answer 47

``` Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ```

Question 48

The cell is carrying on activities other than reproduction

Answer 48

Interphase

Question 49

Chromosomes are replicated during interphase now become viable as they coil as they form chromatids

Answer 49

Prophase

Question 50

With the help of centrioles, asters, and spindle fibers the chromatids line up near the equator of the cell

Answer 50

Metaphase

Question 51

Chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell from the help of the spindle fibers. Now they are two separate sets of identical chromosomes. Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, begins with the pinching of the spindle fibers

Answer 51

Anaphase

Question 52

Uncoiling of the chromosomes as they begin to look like chromatin again. The cell the forms two daughter cells as the nuclear membrane is visible again.

Answer 52

Telophase

Question 53

The human cell has how many chromosomes

Answer 53

46

Question 54

How many chromosomes in each sex cell

Answer 54

23

Question 55

The primary spermatocyte develops into 4 sperm

Answer 55

Spermatogenesis

Question 56

One egg cell is formed from the oocyte along with 3 polar bodies

Answer 56

Oogenesis

Question 57

Single- celled organisms such as bacteria

Answer 57

Prokaryotes