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Phases Of Matter Review > Organ System Anatomy > Flashcards

Organ System Anatomy Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Food is put into the mouth, what enzyme is in chemical digestion

A

Amylase

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2
Q

What mechanical digestion is used in esophagus ?

A

Muscles push the food down into the stomach it is called peristalsis

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3
Q

Mechanical digestion in the stomach?

A

Churning helps break down the food and mix it with gastric juice to form chyme

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4
Q

Chemical digestion in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid breaks down the food and kills bacteria. Pepsin breaks down proteins

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5
Q

Mechanical digestion in the small intestine

A

Villi and microvilli increase surface area, and greatly increase the level of absorption.

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6
Q

Chemical digestion in the small intestine

A

Pancreatic juice containing amylase, pro teases, and lipase is from the gallbladder. Bile from the liver and stored in the gallbladder is released to emulsify fats and oils.

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7
Q

Carries out blood away from the heart, are elastic and thick

A

Arteries

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8
Q

Return blood to the heart, are thin and less elastic, use valves to prevent backflow

A

Veins

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9
Q

Have walls that are one cell wall thick to allow for materials to pass through and connect arteries to veins

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters what part of the hear first

A

The right atrium following the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava

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11
Q

Most blood flow will enter what when the heart is relaxed and AV valve is open

A

Right ventricle

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12
Q

The cardiac cycle is regulated by what?

A

Auto-rhythmic cells
SA node pacemaker of the heart
AV node

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13
Q

Responsible for starting the cardiac cycle by contracting both atria and by sending a signal

A

SA NODE

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14
Q

Signal to contract the ventricles

A

AV node

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15
Q

Inside ___________the body’s immune system works to respond to and defend against foreign invaders

A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

Passageway that fluids and wastes can be delivered into the circulatory system

A

Lymphatic system

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17
Q

Lymphatic system is composed of what?

A

Veins and capillaries, to prevent back flow of lymph

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18
Q

Blood is composed of?

A

Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

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19
Q

Responsible for carrying out oxygen via hemoglobin present in cells

A

Red blood cells ( erythrocytes )

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20
Q

Defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses

A

White blood cells ( leukocyte)

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21
Q

Responsible for helping the blood clot and seal breaks in the walls of blood vessels

A

Platelets

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22
Q

The bodies first primary defenses are?

A

Skin, saliva, mucus sweat, urine, stomach acid and tears

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23
Q

The bodies secondary line of defense?

A

Inflammation
Swelling, redness and warmth of infected area cause the body to call in macrophages and neutrophils to consume bacteria. If the pathogen is a virus the interferon is produced so that the body can block it

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24
Q

Third line of defense

A

The body remembers the pathogen and will have a much quicker response. The body has made antibodies against that specific pathogen

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25
Have antigen receptors and antibodies, and work to fight off bacteria
B cells
26
Responsible for recognizing nonself cells, they produce memory and killer cells
T cells
27
Bacterial and viral infections these cells available to recognize the antigens that have been ingested and displayed by macrophages
Helper T cells
28
The rate at which respiration occurs is governed by the level of what?
Carbon dioxide present in the body
29
Higher levels of what will trigger the body to increase breathing rate
Excess carbon dioxide
30
Respiratory pathway of air
``` Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli ```
31
Where max gas exchange occurs
Alveoli
32
Excretory system composed of
``` Liver Skin Kidneys Ureter Bladder Urethra ```
33
Detoxify blood, working to convert substances that are less toxic or altogether harmless
Liver
34
Excretion of excess heat, the blood vessels I'm the skin widen allowing more blood flow through the capillaries and more to be lost through the skin. Sweating also occurs
Skin
35
Work to produce urine, the nephrons that is doing the filtering. Present with the nephrons are bow and capsule and glomeruli
Kidneys
36
Taking the urine form the kidney to the urinary bladder
Ureter
37
Anterior pituitary gland
Located in the hypothalamus, produce growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone. Controls growth, release of thyroxine
38
Posterior pituitary
Located in the hypothalamus, produces oxytocin, affects uterine contractions, water absorption in nephrons
39
Thyroid gland
Located below the larynx in front of the trachea Produces thyroxine Regulates rate of metabolic actives
40
Parathyroid
Produces parathormone | Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism
41
Islets of langerhans
Pancreas Insulin and glucagon It lowers and raises blood glucose levels
42
Adrenal medulla
Adrenaline gland in the kidney Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine Increases rate of metabolism and causes liver to release glucose
43
Adrenal cortex
Adrenaline gland in kidney Produces cortisol Rate of metabolism of fats, proteins and carbs
44
Thymus
Located in chest Produces thymosin Produces lymphocytes during childhood years
45
A change In hormone concentration causes the same kind of change in some other substances
Positive feedback
46
Change in concentration of a hormone causes a change in concentration of another substance opposite to the change in original
Negative feedback
47
Nerve cells made of cell body that contains a nucleus
Neurons
48
Branched fibers receive impulses that are carried through an axon
Dendrites
49
The axon is converted by a fatty acid called?
Myelin sheath
50
________[travel at high speeds and are conducted via a sodium potassium pump in the nerve cell membrane
Nerve impulses
51
The central nervous system is composed of
Brain and spinal cord
52
The brain is composed of
Cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata
53
Responsible for actives such as speech, memory, olfaction and movement
Cerebrum
54
Controls voluntary movements, and some involuntary movements
Cerebellum.
55
Responsible for involuntary commands
Medulla oblongata
56
The spinal cord connects the _____to the brain
Peripheral nervous system
57
The peripheral nervous system is composed of
Sensory neurons that transmit nerve impulses toward the central nervous system
58
Motor neurons are classified as
Somatic nervous system or autonomic nervous system
59
Guides the actions of the skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system
60
Guides the actions of organs and involuntary muscles
Autonomic nervous system
61
Guides the actions of the body that calm the body down
Parasympathetic nervous system
62
Areas that are closer to the bodies trunk
Proximal
63
Where red blood cells are formed along with white blood cells ?
Marrow
64
Allows for some degree of movement so that bones can bend easily at the joints. Some protection against impacts
Cartilage
65
Includes breastbone, skull, ribs, and vertebrae
Axial skeletal system
66
Includes arms, legs, shoulder blades, collar bones, and the pelvic bone and girdle
Appendicular skeletal system
67
The point where one bone meets another
Joint
68
Moveable joints keeping the bones held together
Ligaments
69
Connect bones it muscles
Tendons
70
Types of muscle present in the body?
Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
71
Skeletal muscle is found in?
Skeleton of the body
72
Smooth muscle is found?
Diaphragm, digestive system, and arteries
73
Cause the joints in the body to flex?
Flexors
74
Muscles extend joints of the body are called?
Extensors
75
Where is sperm stored?
Epididymis, then travels to the vas deferens
76
What glands does sperm travel through ?
Seminal and prostate gland
77
The point where the egg is released from its follicle is called?
Ovulation
78
The egg is moved down the Fallopian tube by the action of what?
Cilia
79
Where is the egg fertilized ?
Uterine wall
80
Sperm and egg come together it's called?
Zygote
81
Cell divisions in fertilization is called?
Cleavage
82
The germ layers that later become organs in fetal growth?
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endotherm
83
Allows light into the eye ?
Cornea
84
The colored portion of the eye?
Iris
85
The iris has an opening called the ?
Pupil
86
Focuses on the light on the retina and attached to the optic nerve ?
Lens
87
Where is the olfactory cells embedded in the mucus membrane ?
Inside the nose
88
Sensory nerve fibers are located?
Four regions on the tongue

Phases Of Matter Review (6 decks)

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