Biological Sciences Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is cell
Structural and functional unit of living organisms
Structure of cell
Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, cell organelles ( mitochondria, lysosome, ribosome, Golgi bodies, chloroplast, vacuoles
What is Cell wall function
Outer boundary of cell made of cellulose and homocelluose, present in plant only
Protect cell
Provide structure and shape
What is cytoplasm
Jelly like structure
Transport of Material and chemical reactions take place. Membrane bounded organelles are attached with it.
Cell membrane
Shape porous, control the movement of substances. Outer most covering. Forms wall like structure protects from outside
Nucleus
Control all activities in cell.
Control cellular activities. Present of heredity material DNA rna
Ribosome
Protein synthesis. Found In membrane bounded organelles.
Golgi bodies transportation of materials
Lysosome
Protect against foreign threat
Mitrochondria
Power house of cell produces ATP
Digestive system function structure and organs
The process of breaking down the food particles into digestive substances through mechanical process is called digestive system.
Mouth
Food enter through this
Phyrinx
Food pipe lead to oesophagus
Oesophagus transfer food to stomach
Stomach. Store food for temperory time period to digest.
Small intestine. Collect the material and transfer waste to large intestine
Large intestine. Absorb water and and consist of bacteria Then transfer to rectum
Rectum. Elimane the waste.
Liver anotomy and function
Triangular shape right lobe big, left lobe small seperated by flaciform and have a hepatic duct.
Functions
Produces bile
Help in blood clotting
Metabolism of protein
Storage of vitamins
Regeneration of liver
Immunological function
Human eye structure and function
The specialised sensory organ helps in visualising objects
Parts. Cornea, retina,sclarea, iris, pupil, lens
Sclarea: Outer covering of eye the transparent part of eye. Protects the eye from foreign pathogens . White part of eye
Cornea : after sclarea the white part of eye is through which light enters the eye.
Retina : sensitive tissue of eye transform images into electric impulse and transform to brain.
Iris: dark mascular tissue behind cornea indicates the colour of eye.
Pupil : small opening in the iris its size is controlled by the help of eye.
Lens: behind pupil transplant structure called lens.
Respiratory system and organs
The exchange of gases and inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon to produce energy is respiratory
Respiratory organs
Nose
Lynrax, phyrinx, trachea , bronchi and lungs.
Nose : two nostrils air enters through it.
Lynrax: termed as Adams apple pass air to phyrinx
Phrynax: nasal chamber open into this pipe . Common path for both food and air
Trachi wind pipe sends the air to bronchi this splits into two tubes and open into lungs
Lungs 🫁 pink spongy organs intake the oxygen and send back the carbon.
Endocrine system
Harmones are chemical that effects body functions like hunger , reproduction, sleep cycle and emotions.
Pituitary glands.
Size of pea enclosed within skull. Master gland control function of all glands. It stimulates adrenal gland to secerate cortical release harmones flh.
Thyroid gland
Present at the front of neck.secrtes thyroid hormone which controls metabolism.
Pinel gland : third eye produces harmone melatonin which influnce sleep cycle.
Parathyroid glands: four small glands behind thyroid: influnce calcium levels.
Adrenal gland: over kindeney response to emergency by increasing heart bear, blood pressure, shivering.
Gonads : responsible for reproduction.
Diseases. Polio
Polio viral disease effects nervous system.
Type of polio
Subclinical: no severe system or praylasis . Does not effects nervous system
Non paraylatic: no praylasis
Paralytic results in praylasis
Symptoms: fever, weakness, muscle pain , vomiting
Causes: contaminated food or water
Treatment: polio vaccine.
Diseases: diarrhoea
Frequent passage of loose Watery and informed stools is called diarrhoea.
Causes: food position. Dehydration, alcohol consumption.
Type of diarrhoea:
Chronic: 1 week
Acute 2,3 days
Treatment: antibiotics
Intake of water. Light diet
Signs, symptoms:: vomiting, cramps and fever.
Maleria
Mosquito borne disease caused by plasmodium.
Causes: plasmodium bite of mosquito.
Symptoms: fever, headache, vomiting, bloody stools.
Prevention: use of mosquito net. Covering self
Dengue
Mosquito borne disease. Deadly disease
Causes: bite of mosquito
Symptoms: reaches, fever, vomiting, weakness, muscles pain , drop in blood pressure.gum and nose bleeding.
Prevention: mosquito net, wearing full clothes. Keep surrounding clean.
Hepatitis
Inflammatory disease of liver impacts liver. Viral in nature. Impact liver
Causes. Consumption of alcohol, autoimmune system response when immune system mistakes liver as a harmful object.
Symptoms: weak immune system, fever, vomiting, stomach pain, weight loss changes in test.
Treatment: prescribed diet. , antibiotics and diagnostics
Aids
Human immune deficiency. Caused by hiv virus. Results in multiple diseases. Ability to fight against the foreign bodies reduced.
Causes: blood transmission, sex with affacted person, sharing Crockery, needle sharing.
Treatment : no cure
Prevention: loyal with person, avoid sharing needles.
Mealses
Air borne disease
Symptoms: fever , coughing, red dots on skin , vomiting.
Treatment. Isolation of patients, antibiotics
Rabies
Viral disease Common in dogs, bats ,fox,
Cause : through the bite of animal.
Symptoms: fear of water , depression, fever, anxiety difficulty in swolling food.
Treatment: vaccine
Small pox
Contagious disease transmit from one person to other through droplets.
Dedicated
Symptoms fever headache coughing, rashes filled with puss. Treatment vaccination.
