Lactase
brush-border enzyme that starts in oral cavity
Bile created by… and stored in…
created by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
pepsin is in the …
stomach
trypsin is in the …
pancreas
Causes a right shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve (5)
exercise increased PaCO2, H+, temperature Decreased pH
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
relative frequency of dominant allele + relative frequency of recessive allele = 1
Aldosterone (4)
increase sodium reabsorption increase potassium excretion increase blood pressure decrease water excretion
more than one dominant allele exists for a given gene
Codominance
occurs when a heterozygote expresses a phenotype the tis intermediate b/t the two homozygous genotypes
Incomplete dominance
a population measure of the proportion of individuals int eh population carrying the allele who actually express the phenotype (the probability that, given a particular genotype) a person will express the phenotype
penetrance
explains the variability in phenotype for one genotype
expressivity
seminiferous tubules
sperm production
cells of leydig
testosterone production
sperm holding tank
epididymis
these nourish sperm
Sertoli cells
Inside cell low (6)
Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Albumin
inside cell high (3)
K+, PO43-, organic anions, proteins
Outside cell low (4)
K+, PO43-, organic anions, proteins
Outside cell high (6)
Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Albumin (in plasma only)
Inside cell low is the same thing as
outside cell high
In a virus, the nucleic acid can be…
either DNA or RNA and either single- or double-stranded
Golgi apparatus consists of and it’s functions
It consists of a stack of membrane-enclosed sacs; modifies and distributes proteins
In the cell, protein synthesis occurs in
ribosomes and rough ER
Lipid and carbohydrate breakdown takes place in
peroxisomes and cytoplasm
in a cell, structure for ATP production
mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA is (3 things)
circular, self-replicating, double-stranded
Smooth ER functions (3 things)
lipid synthesis, poison detoxificaiton, protein transport
main function of the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA synthesis
Organelle surrounded by a single membrane?
lysosome
mitochondria
nuclei
ribosome
lysosome
Which of the following does not contain tubulin?
centriole
micorfilaments
cilia
flagella
microfilaments
During an outbreak, HSV is in its… cycle
whereas when it’s dormant, it’s in it’s…
outbreak = lytic cycle
dormant = lysogenic cycle
sexual mating in bacteria
conjugation
when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection and htus can be introduced into another bacterium by the viral vector
transduction
bacterial cells reproduce by…
binary fission
prions
infectious proteins that cause misfolding of other proteins
primarily, prions cause…
a shift toward β-pleated sheet confirmations which leads to decreased solubility and degradability of proteins