biology 1 {b1} enzymes Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
False
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The active site is the region of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are typically made of __________.
proteins
What is the role of substrate concentration in enzyme activity?
Increasing substrate concentration generally increases the rate of reaction until the enzyme is saturated.
What is an enzyme’s specificity?
Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze only one or a few specific substrates.
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting enzyme activity? A) Temperature B) pH C) Color D) Substrate concentration
C) Color
True or False: All enzymes require cofactors to function.
False
What are cofactors?
Cofactors are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions, often by stabilizing the enzyme-substrate complex.
What happens to enzymes at very high temperatures?
Enzymes can denature, losing their shape and functionality.
What is the term for the maximum rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Vmax
Fill in the blank: The __________ model describes how enzymes and substrates interact.
induced fit
What is competitive inhibition?
Competitive inhibition occurs when a substance competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.
True or False: Enzymes can function in both forward and reverse reactions.
True
What is enzyme kinetics?
Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and how they change in response to changes in conditions.
What is allosteric regulation?
Allosteric regulation involves the binding of a molecule at a site other than the active site, which alters the enzyme’s activity.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a measure of how efficiently an enzyme converts a substrate into product.
turnover number
What is the significance of the Michaelis-Menten equation?
The Michaelis-Menten equation describes the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions as a function of substrate concentration.
Which type of enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group?
Kinase
What are proteases?
Proteases are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids.
when the enzyme is at its peak potential it is referred to as …
the optimum
when the active site changes shapes so it is no longer compatible with the sub straight it is called …
denatures
what can cause the denature of an enzyme (list at least 3)
PH is too high or too low
temperature is too high or too low
exposure to radiation
high concentration of certain solutes
chemicals
agitation(extreme mixing/ shaking can deform the enzyme)
