Biology 1 (Cells) Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are (ususally) the differences between plant and animal cells?
- Plant cells have one big vacuole while animal cells have several small ones
- Cell walls
- Straight edges
What are the four smallest “levels of organisation”
- Atom
- Molecule/compound
- Organelle
- Cell
What are the four largest “levels of organisation”
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
What is an atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the element.
What is a molecule
One or more atoms of the same element combined together
What is a compound
Two or more different elements combined together
What is an organelle
A section of a cell with a unique function
What is a cell
A sack of organelles
What is a tissue
Cells that have the same structure working together to have a function
What is an organ
Combination of several types of tissues working together
What is an organ system
Group of organs funtioning together
What is an organism
Group of organ systems working together
What are the main ideas of cell theory
- All living things have at least one cell
- The cell is the basic unit of life
- Cells come from pre-existing cells
What are the main characteristics of living organisms
They must…
1. Obtain and use energy
2. Try to maintain constant internal environment
3. Reproduce
4. Be made of cells
What is the nucleus
- Largest organelle
- Controlls all of the cell’s actvity
- Contains the chromatin and the nucleolus
- Surrounded by the nuclear envelope
What is the cytoplasm
- Goop in the cell
What are the mitochondria
- Supplies cells with energy
- Does cellular respiration
- The powerhouse of the cell
What are the ribosomes
- Make proteins
- Some float in cytoplasm
- Some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
- Tubes that transport materials made in the cell
What is the golgi apparatus
- Sorts and packages protein and other molecules for transport out of the cell
- looks like an accordian
What are the vesicles
- Transports and stores materials in the cell
What is the cytoskeleton
- Framework of filaments and microtubules
- Maintains structure
- Provides tracks for organelle movement
What is the centrosome
- Major microtubule organising center
- Involved in cell division
- Looks like an urchin
What are the vacuoles
- Contains water and some other things
- Stores and transports small molecules
