Biology 1 - Cells and organisation (B1- B4)

Question 1

How many micro meters in a mm?

Answer 1

1000

Question 2

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 2

magnification= size of image / size of real object

Question 3

What does the nucleus do in a cell?

Answer 3

Contains genes and chromosomes and controls activities of the cell

Question 4

What is the cytoplasm and what does it do?

Answer 4

A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place in the cell.

Question 5

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 5

Controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 6

What do the mitochondria do?

Answer 6

Aerobic respiration takes place here, releasing energy for the cell.

Question 7

What do the ribosomes do?

Answer 7

Protein synthesis

Question 8

What is the permanent vacuole?

Answer 8

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant.

Question 9

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t? Two things.

Answer 9

Large vacuole and chloroplasts

Question 10

What are Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Animal and plant cells are examples - Cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material that is enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 11

What are Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 11

Bacteria are an example. The genetic material is not in a distinct nucleus. It forms a single DNA loop. Prokaryotes may contain one or more extra small rings of DNA called plasmids.

Question 12

What does the xylem do in a plant stem?

Answer 12

Carries water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves and shoots. The xylem also supports the plant.

Question 13

What does the Phloem do in a plant stem?

Answer 13

Carries food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant.

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

The spreading out of the particles of a fluid in a solution. The net movement is from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of the particle.

Question 15

How do substances move around cells?

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

What is Osmosis and how does it differ from diffusion?

Answer 16

The movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solute solution through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 17

What is Active transport?

Answer 17

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution, against the concentration gradient.

Question 18

How are chromosomes found in body cells?

Answer 18

In pairs.

Question 19

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 19

The series of stages in which cells divide.

Question 20

What are the three stages of cell division

Answer 20

Stage 1 - longest stage, Replication of DNA to form two copies of each chromosome and synthesis of new sub-cellular structures.
Stage 2 - Mitosis, the nucleus divides.
Stage 3 - Cell divide in two

Question 21

What is mitosis?

Answer 21

The division of the nucleus during cell division.

Question 22

What is a tissue?

Answer 22

A group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 23

What is an organ?

Answer 23

Collections of tissues performing specific functions.

Question 24

What is an Organ system?

Answer 24

A group of organs which work together to form organisms.

Question 25

What does the liver do in the digestive system?

Answer 25

Makes bile.

Question 26

What does the Stomach do in the digestive system?

Answer 26

Breaks down large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble ones

Question 27

What does the small intestine do in the digestive system?

Answer 27

Breaks down large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble ones and then absorbs them into the blood.

Question 28

What does the Large intestine do?

Answer 28

Absorbs water from undigested food.

Question 29

What colour does starch turn iodine?

Answer 29

Blue-black

Question 30

What are enzymes?

Answer 30

Biological catalysts that are produced by the body.

Question 31

What are each broken down by and into: - Starch (Carbohydrate) - Proteins - Fats (Lipids)

Answer 31

- Starch into sugar by amylase - Protein into amino acids by protease - Lipids broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by Lipase.

Question 32

What are the four main components of blood?

Answer 32

Plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets.

Question 33

What substance in red blood cells holds oxygen?

Answer 33

Haemoglobin

Question 34

Which blood vessels carry blood to the heart?

Answer 34

Veins

Question 35

Which blood vessels carry blood to the organs?

Answer 35

Arteries

Question 36

Which blood vessels are one cell thick?

Answer 36

Capillaries

Question 37

What do the valves do?

Answer 37

Prevent back flow of blood in the heart.

Question 38

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Answer 38

Alveoli

Question 39

What is transpiration?

Answer 39

The loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis.

Question 40

What does protease break down?

Answer 40

Proteins into amino acids.

Question 41

What does lipase break down?

Answer 41

Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 42

What does amylase break down?

Answer 42

Starch into sugar

Question 43

How do you test for protein in a food?

Answer 43

Add Biuret reagent to food sample | Mauve/purple colour shows protein is present.

Question 44

How do you test for glucose in a fruit?

Answer 44

Heat mixture and add a few drops of Benedict's solution | Glucose turns solution blue to orange.

Question 45

How does water move from roots to the leaves?

Answer 45

They move up the xylem by the transpiration stream.

Question 46

What is the effect of chlorophyll deficiency on a plant. (4 points)

Answer 46

- Less photosynthesis - Less glucose is made - Less energy released for growth - Less glucose for respiration so less amino acids / proteins / cellulose for growth

Question 47

What do the villi do?

Answer 47

Absorbs food molecules from small intestine. Inc. Glucose.