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Final Exams > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

How many characteristics of living things are there?

A 
There are 7
   All living things
1. Are made up of one or more cells
2. Take in nutrient
3. Need energy
4. Produce waste that must be removed
5. Respond to stimuli
6. Grow
7. Reproduce
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2
Q

Difference between multicellular and unicellular!

A 
Unicellular = Living thing made up of one cell
Multicellular = Living thing made up of more than one cell
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3
Q

Who discovered the cell?

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

How many points to cell theory are there?

A

There are 3

  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the basic units of life
  3. All cells come from preexisting cells
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5
Q

What is a virus?

A

Viruses are non living. They can only reproduce if they exist in another living cell (Host Cell).

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6
Q

What is prokaryotic cell and a example of it?

A
  1. It does not have a nucleus
  2. Have fewer internal structures (organelles)
  3. Internal structures are not surrounded by membranes
    Example: Bacteria
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7
Q

What is eukaryotic cell and a example of it?

A
  1. It does has a nucleus which contains the cells DNA and it is surrounded by its own membrane
  2. Has many internal structures (organelles) which are all surrounded by a membrane
  3. They are about 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells and are more complex
    Example: Plants, Animals & Fungi
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8
Q

What are small structures in a cell?

A

Organelles

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9
Q

What surrounds the cell and acts as gatekeeper?

A

Cell Membrane

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10
Q

What produces energy in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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11
Q

What is the chemical reaction that makes energy called?

A

Cellular Respiration

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12
Q

What is the gel like fluid in a cell called?

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

What is the control center in a cell?

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

What stores water, food & waste in a cell?

A

Vacuole

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15
Q

In what organelle does photo synthesis take place?

A

Chloroplast

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16
Q

What breaks down large molecules?

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

What are small sacs that transport materials?

A

Vesicles

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18
Q

What is the warehouse of the cell?

A

Golgi Body

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19
Q

What makes protein in a cell?

A

Ribosomes

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20
Q

What transports things or moves things around in a cell?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

What is the reaction of photosynthesis?

A

When it uses energy from the sun it changes carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.

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22
Q

What is difference between plant and animal cells?

A

Plants have a cell wall and a chloroplast. There cell is rectangle shaped
Animals have lysosomes. There cell is circle shaped

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23
Q

What’s another name for micro organisms?

A

Microbes

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24
Q

Bacteria that break down dead wastes and animals are called?

A

Decomposers

25
Q

What are the main producers of oxygen in lakes and oceans?

A

Phytoplankton

26
Q

What kind of food do bacteria help make?

A

Cheese, Yogurt, Pickles, Soy Sauce & Chocolate

27
Q

What are 3 positive interactions between humans and microbes?

A
  1. Medicine Production (Makes antibiotics & insulin)
  2. Disaster Recovery (Cleans up chemical, oil or radioactive spills)
  3. Waste Management (Used in water treatment plants)
28
Q

What are 2 negative interactions between humans and microbes?

A
  1. Some make people sick (pathogens) in food poisoning.

2. They mold or rot food and wood

29
Q

What are 2 places microbes live?

A
  1. In the air
  2. In the water
    (They Exist Everywhere)
30
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A pathogen is a micro organism that causes diseases.

31
Q

What is a antigen?

A

A antigen is a non living substance that can cause illness. The body cannot recognize it.

32
Q

What are the 4 ways diseases are transmitted?

A
  1. Direct Contact
  2. Indirect Contact
  3. Water & Food
  4. Animal Bites
33
Q

What immune response is quick and general?

A

The innate immune response

34
Q

Skin, gastric juice, sweat are the _____ of defense?

A

First line of defense

35
Q

Which immune response takes time and is complicated?

A

The acquired immune response

36
Q

Helper T Cells, B Cells, Killer T cells are the _____ of defense?

A

Second line of defense

37
Q

What do B cells make?

A

They make antibodies

38
Q

What do helper T cells do?

A

To activate B cells & Killer T cells

39
Q

What do killer T cells do?

A

They will eliminate pathogens.

40
Q

What is an allergen?

A

An allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction.

41
Q

What immunizations do grade 9’s receive?

3 of them

A

Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis

42
Q

What are antihistamines?

A

An antihistamine is a medicine that reduces the symptoms of allergies.
Example: Claritin

43
Q

What part of the immune system does HIV attack?

A

It attacks Helper T cells so the body cannot trigger B cells or Killer T cells.

44
Q

What are 4 things you can do to take care of your immune system?

A
  1. Eat healthy (a well balanced diet)
  2. Maintain personal hygiene
  3. Get plenty of rest and exercise
  4. Avoid smoking & drugs
45
Q

What is a booster shot?

A

A vaccine that is repeatedly given to you throughout your life.

46
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A vaccine is a weakened or dead form of a disease that gives you immunity to it.

47
Q

What is anaphylactic shock?

A

When someone is very allergic to a allergen it can cause the throat to swell and difficulty breathing.

48
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Inflammation is when lots of white blood cells are rushing to an area, it causes redness and swelling.

49
Q

What is difference between epidemic and pandemic?

A

An epidemic is a sudden outbreak in one area

A pandemic is a sudden outbreak in several areas like countries or continents

50
Q

Epidemics and pandemics can have both __and ___ impact on humans

A

It can affect

  1. Money
  2. Transportation
  3. Food
  4. Population
51
Q

Name a plant used by first nations to treat sickness or disease!

A

Cow-parsnip

52
Q

What does eradicated mean?

A

To destroy completely or put an end to something

53
Q

Name a disease that has been eradicated!

A

Smallpox

54
Q

Antibiotics kill or prevent ____ from growing

A

Bacterium

55
Q

What was the first antibiotic available?

A

penicillin

56
Q

What causes bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics?

A

Change in DNA

57
Q

What is an antiseptic and give an example?

A

An antiseptic is something you put on your skin before surgery to protect you against any harmful micro organisms.

Example: Alcohol such as ethyl

58
Q

What is the immune system?

A

The immune system is made up of cells, different substances & organs that help fight diseases and infections.

Final Exams (9 decks)

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