Biology

Question 1

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 1

a molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides (monomers) mono=1

Question 2

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 2

Each nucleotide consists of:
1. Phosphate group
2. Pentose sugar
3. Nitrogenous base

Question 3

What components form the backbone?

Answer 3

The sugar and phosphate form the backbone of the DNA molecule.

Question 4

What components form the rungs?

Answer 4

the nitrogenous bases form the rungs

Question 5

What are the four types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

(A)- Adenine
(T)- Thymine
(C)- Cytosine
(G)- Guanine

Question 6

What is complementary base pairing?

Answer 6

Complementary base pairing is each base will only bond with one other specific base eg.
A-T C-G

Question 7

Why does DNA have a double helix?

Answer 7

The rules and components allow DNA to form a double helix

Question 8

Where is DNA found in the cell?

Answer 8

In the nucleus, it contains the genetic information (DNA)

Question 9

How is DNA organised in the nucleus?

Answer 9

Organised into units called genes, genes are found on chromosomes

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 11

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 11

Human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes which means 46 in total

Question 12

What does diploid mean?

Answer 12

A pair of chromosomes in somatic cells

Question 13

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 13

cells of the body except sex cells

Question 14

What are gametes?

Answer 14

Reproduction of sex cells ( sperm/ova)

Question 15

What does haploid mean?

Answer 15

Possession of one copy of each chromosome in a cell
( 46/2=23)

Question 16

What sex chromosomes do females have

Answer 16

XX- FEMALE

Question 17

What sex chromosomes do males have?

Answer 17

XY-MALE

Question 18

What is an Autosome?

Answer 18

Any chromosomes not involved in sex determination

Question 19

What is a sex chromosome?

Answer 19

The chromosomes that determines an individual’s sex

Question 20

What is an Allele?

Answer 20

It is a different version/form of a gene eg. eye colour/hair

Question 21

What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

Answer 21

Gene specifies trait, allele specifies form genes take.

Question 22

What are dominant alleles?

Answer 22

These alleles will always be expressed when they are present.

Question 23

What are Recessive alleles?

Answer 23

These alleles are expressed only when they are present.

Question 24

What is a Genotype?

Answer 24

The alleles that a person has
eg. B- dominant b- recessive

Question 25

What is a phenotype?

Answer 25

The trait that is seen
example- brown eyes

Question 26

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 26

The same

Question 27

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 27

Different

Question 28

What is a pedigree chart?

Answer 28

It is a chart of the genetic history of a family over several; generations

Question 29

symbols meanings

Answer 29

affected/

Question 30

What are the symbols?

Answer 30

Female- circle
Male- square

Question 31

what is translation?

Answer 31

the process by which mRNA is ‘read’ to produce a strand protein chain

Question 32

what does tRNA stand for?

Answer 32

transfer RNA

Question 33

where does translation happen?

Answer 33

they carry specific, individual, amino acids