Year 11 bio

Question 1

what are the features of living things?

Answer 1

• energy source
• liquid water
• chemical building blocks

Question 2

What does MRS GREND stand for?

Answer 2

M-movement
R-respiration
S-sensitivity
G-growth
R-reproduction
E-excretion
N-nutrition
D-DNA

Question 3

what are the 3 tenets of cell theory?

Answer 3

1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 4

What are the three components of a cell?

Answer 4

1. a cell membrane
2. nuclear material
3. cytosol

Question 5

what are the two main classes of cells?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic- no membrane
Eukaryotic- has a membrane

Question 6

what has no membrane-bound
organelles?

Answer 6

Prokaryotic cells

Question 6

What are the general features of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 6

-capsule
-cell wall
-cell (plasma) membrane
-DNA- free floating
-ribsomes
-plasmids
-cytosol

Question 7

what does have membrane-bound
organelles?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cells

Question 8

What is the difference between archaea and bacteria?

Answer 8

Archaea has three RNA polymerases but bacteria only has one.

Question 9

Which group has organisms that do not fit into any other groups?

Answer 9

The Protista.

Question 9

What is the name of the organelles found near the nucleus in an animal cell?

Answer 9

Centrioles

Question 10

What are plant cell walls and fungi cell walls made up of?

Answer 10

Plant cell walls- Cellulose
Fungi cell walls- Chitin

Question 11

What are the two organelles that are present in plant cells?

Answer 11

Chloroplast and a large permanent vacuole.

Question 12

Where is the chloroplast found in the cells?

Answer 12

They are found only in the parts of a plant that are exposed to sunlight, such as the cells in some parts of leaves

Question 12

what are the few single cells large enough to see with an unaided human?

Answer 12

-human egg cells
-amoeba
-a unicellular organism.

Question 13

what are the examples of variations in a cell shape?

Answer 13

a. star-shaped
b. spherical
c. columnar
d. flat
e. elongated
f. disc-shaped
g. cuboidal

Question 14

what are the bacterial cells that come in many shapes?

Answer 14

a. rod-shaped
b. spiral shaped
c. spherical cocci

Question 15

how do cells with a fixed shape?

Answer 15

Cilia and flagella

Question 16

How many microvillis does a single-cell lining of the small intestine have?

Answer 16

up to 10,000

Question 16

what does the cell’s essential function rely on?

Answer 16

On the membrane to allow a constant exchange of material between the cell and the external environment

Question 17

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 17

to produce the ribosomal that firms part of the ribosomes

Question 18

What does NPC’s stand for

Answer 18

Nuclear pore complexes

Question 19

In what process do plant and animal cells produce ATP?

Answer 19

plant and animal cells produce ATP in the process of cellular respiration.

Question 20

what is a plasma membrane?

Answer 20

It is a place where some but not all substances are transported between the internal and external environments.

Question 21

What does the plasma membrane act as?

Answer 21

a selective barrier between the cell membrane and the outside of the cell, and the cytosol and the internal compartments of organelles

Question 22

what is the most important role of the membrane?

Answer 22

the ability to transport materials between the intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 23

crossing the membrane can be achieved in several ways depending on what?

Answer 23

1. the type of molecule( hydrophilic or hydrophobic)
2. the size of the molecule
3. whether there is a difference in concentration gradient

Question 24

What is a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic?

Answer 24

hydrophilic- water-loving- dissolves in water.
hydrophobic- water fearing- dissolves in lipids

Question 25

what are the steps of binary fission?

Answer 25

1. DNA replication starts at the origin of replication.
2. The DNA is copied and the cell elongates.
3. DNA is pulled towards either end of the cell.
4. A new septum forms and cytokinesis occurs.
   5.The septum is complete as a cell wall and the cells are split in two.

Question 26

what is binary fission?

Answer 26

the process of cell multiplication in bacteria and other unicellular organisms

Question 27

how long can binary fission be completed in?

Answer 27

20 minutes at room temperature

Question 28

What is reproduced through the process of binary fission?

Answer 28

prokaryotes ( Archaea and bacteria)

Question 29

What are the steps of cell cycle

Answer 29

Interphase: increases in size
Mitosis: copies its DNA
Cytokineses: divides