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Year 8 study decks > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cornea (eye)

A

A clear tough contacting on the front of the eye which refracts (bends) light

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2
Q

What is the iris (eye)

A

The coloured part of the eye, a muscle. It controls how much light enters the pupil.

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3
Q

What is the lens (eye)

A

Flexible structures that change shape to focus light onto the retina

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3
Q

What is the Pupil (eye)

A

Allows light into the eye. Dilates (gets larger) in dim light, constricts (gets smaller) in bright light

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4
Q

What is the retina (eye)

A

Contains millions of nerve cells which set electrical signals when light strikes them, the receptors are called rods and cones

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5
Q

What is the blind spot in your eye? (Eye)

A

A point where nerves are missing the fibres. The retina enters the opticnevere here

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6
Q

What is the optic nerve in the eye? (The eye)

A

It carries impulses from the retina to the brain co-ordinatior

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7
Q

What is a Stimulus (senses)

A

A change in environment

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8
Q

What is a receptor (senses)

A

Many different types senses eg, light,sound, touch

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9
Q

What is an coordinator (senses)

A

Brain or spinal cord

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10
Q

What is an effector (senses)

A

Muscle or gland

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11
Q

What is a Response (senses)

A

An action in reaction to a stimulus

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12
Q

What is humour (eye)

A

Liquid in the eye

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13
Q

What is the nerve in ear? (Ear)

A

Auditory nerve

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13
Q

How many main layers is the skin made up of? (Touch)

A

3

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14
Q

What do receptors in the skin do? (Touch)

A

It has many different receptors that detect pain pressure and temperature

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15
Q

What does the skin contain? (Touch)

A

Sweat glands, hair, hair follicles, erector muscle and blood vessels

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16
Q

Where is the cerembellum located? (Brain)

A

In the bottom back of the brain

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17
Q

Where is the medulla located? (Brain)

A

The straight line in the bottom of the brain

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17
Q

Where is the cerebrum located? (Brain)

A

The top of the brain

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18
Q

What does the brain do? (Brain)

A

Controls the functions of the body and behaviour. Different areas carry out different functions.

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19
Q

What does the cerebellum do? (Brain)

A

Controls movement

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20
Q

What does the medulla do? (Brain)

A

Controls the unconscious activities such as heart breath and digestion

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21
Q

What do3s the cerebral cortex do? (Brain)

A

Controls conscious thoughts eg: thihht intelligence memory and language

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22
Hwo are some people long sighted? (Eye)
Eyeball too short or lens too weak
23
How are some people short sighted?
Eyeball is too long or lens too strong.
24
What are receptors in the eye sensitive to? (Eye)
They are sensitive to light
25
What are receptors in the ear sensitive to?
They are sensitive to sounds
26
What are receptors a kind of?
Cells
26
What does the nervous system do?
Allows humans to coordinate their behaviour and enable them to to react the their surrounding
27
Which senses are sensitive to chemicals?
Tongue and nose
28
Where does information from receptors go to?
Information from receptors passes along nerves to the brain.
29
What is another word for ear drum? (Ear)
Tympanic membrane
30
What is the tube in ear called? (Ear)
Eustachian tube
31
What is an independent variable?
The variable you change
32
What is the dependent variable?
The one your measure/ record
33
What is the control variable? (Ear)
The one you keep the same
34
What are the 3 bones in the ear? (Ear)
Hammer anvil and stir up
35
What is the outer ear called? (Ear)
The pinna
36
What is the canal in the ear called? (Ear)
The ear canal
37
Which part of the ear vibrates when sound is made? (Ear)
The ear drum
38
What is the circular part in the back of the ear callled? (Ear)
The cohlea
39
What are the canals in the ear called? (Ear)
The semicircular canals
40
What is photosynthesis
Takes place in the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which traps the light energy from the sun to be used in photosynthesis.
41
What’s the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + water —> Glucose + oxygen
42
What is respiration?
A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose that is used in cells
43
What is Aerobic Respiration?
Occurs when oxygen is used in the reaction.
44
What is the equation for Aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen——> Carbon Dioxide + Water
45
What is Anarobic respiration?
Occurs when there’s no oxygen to breakdown the glucose.
46
What is a food web?
Shows how food chains in an ecosystem are interlinked
47
What is a food chains?
Part of a food web showing energy transfers from a producer ending with a top predator
48
What is a producer
Green plant or algae that makes its own food using sunlight.
49
What is a consumer!?
Animal that eats other Lakers or animals
50
What is an ecosystem?
The living things in an area and their non living environment
51
What is the stomata?
Pores on the underside of the leaf
52
What is the vein
Contains tissue that transport food and water
53
What is the spongy mesophyll
Layer of cells with air spaces in between them
54
What is the waxy cuticle
Transparent layer on the top of the leaf
55
What is the palaside cells
Layer of long cyndrical cells just under the upper eperdermis
55
What is the upper eperdermis
Single layer of flat cells covering the top surface of the leaf
56
What are the guard cells
Controls the closing and opening of the stomatal pores.
57
What is the lower eperdermis
Single layer of flat cells covering the bottom surface of the leaf
58
What is chloroplats
Small structures within the cells where photosynthesis takes place
59
What are the names of the classification groups in order
Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
60
What is a way of remembering the order of classification groups
Dear king Phillip came over for good soup
61
What are the two main groups of the animal kingdom
Vertebrate and invertebrate
62
What are vertebrates
Animals They have a back bone
63
What are invertebrates
Animals without a back bone Sometimes have an exo skeleton like a suit of armour
64
What are the five kingdoms
Plants animals fungi bacteria and protoctista
65
What is extinctions
When a species is lost forever for reason like new predators new dieses tourism hunting to environmental disaster
66
What is natural selection
The process of when organisms with characteristics best suited to their environment survive and reproduce passing on their genes
67
What is an abiotic factor
A non living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment
68
What is biotic factor
A living thing that shapes its environment
69
What does the nucleus contain
Chromosomes
70
What is a gene
A short section of a chromosome or dna

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