Biology

Question 1

How many chromosomes are in a regular cell?

Answer 1

46

Question 2

How many chromosomes are in sex cells?

Answer 2

23

Question 3

Which form of reproduction do sex cells use?

Answer 3

meiosis

Question 4

Which form of reproduction creates daughter cells?

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

What are the two pairings of Alleles?

Answer 5

A-T and C-G

Question 6

What are the outside of the double helix made of?

Answer 6

sugar phosphate

Question 7

Definition of Heterozygous

Answer 7

Having two different alleles of a particular gene/genes, one dominant and one recessive

Question 8

Definition of Homozygous

Answer 8

Having two of the same allele, such as both dominant or both recessive

Question 9

The complete set of genetic information in a cell or organism

Answer 9

Genome

Question 10

What is necessary for natural selection?

Answer 10

Variation/mutation within a species

Question 11

Who came up with the theory of natural selection?

Answer 11

Charles Darwin

Question 12

What is the evidence for natural selection?

Answer 12

Comparative embryology
Comparative Anatomy- pentadactyl limbs
Transitional fossils

Question 13

What are two examples of natural selection in animals

Answer 13

Peppered moths, Darwin’s finches, and polar bears

Question 14

What are two examples of transitional fossils?

Answer 14

Archeopteryx and horse

Question 15

What is the strain of antibiotic resistant bacteria called?

Answer 15

MRSA

Question 16

What is MRSA and how does it occur?

Answer 16

MRSA is a strain of antibiotic resistant bacteria that is transfered from animals, which are exposed to constant antibiotics, to humans in close proximity

Question 17

What is the process of sediments being changed to rock?

Answer 17

Lithification

Question 18

What are the three types of fossils?

Answer 18

Actual remains
Mineralised forms
Trace fossils

Question 19

What are two examples of vestigial organs?

Answer 19

Appendix in humans, wings in flightless birds

Question 20

What are the characteristics of all living things? (Mrs Gren)

Answer 20

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 21

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 21

Pmat
Prophase (condensing)
Metaphase (alignment)
Anaphase (seperation and split in half)
Telophase (complete seperation and reforms)

Question 22

What’s the difference between meiosis and mitosis seperation?

Answer 22

Meiosis goes through Pmat twice. Mitosis produces two diploid cells, Meiosis produces four haploid cells

Question 23

What’s a diploid cell?

Answer 23

Describes a cell or organism with two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 24

What’s a haploid cell?

Answer 24

A cell or organism with a single set of chromosomes

Question 25

DNA replication steps and components

Answer 25

Helicase unbinds the DNA (making RNA) SSB (single stranded binding) proteins stop the strands from going back together Primase makes primer on both strands to show polymerase where to start building Bottom strand (5'3') is fragmented due to lagging

Question 26

Which component of DNA replication causes mutations when messing up?

Answer 26

DNA Polymerase