Biology Flashcards
(35 cards)
Describe the main points of the cell theory
All cells are made from living cells, all things come from cells, cells are the simplest unit of life
2.Compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and give an example of each.
A prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus and eukaryotes have a nucleus
3.Be familiar with the function of all of the eukaryotic organelles we discussed in class.
Cell membrane: barrier that keeps out and allows substances to come in
Cytoplasm: allows organelles to move in cells
Mitochondria: power plant of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum: transport proteins
Golgi bodies: collet and process materials
4.What are the main structural differences between plant and animal cells?
Cell wall:
Vacuole:
Chloroplast:
5.Is the following a plant cell or an animal cell? How do you know? Label the indicated structures.
6.Is the following a plantcell or an animal cell? How do you know? Label the indicated structures.
7.What are the three main reasons cell division is so important?
Reproduction, growth, repair damage
8.Briefly compare asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual is when there is one parent cell Sexual is when there is 2 parent cells that combine one
9.Briefly compare diffusion and osmosis.
Diffusion is when particles move from a low to a high concentrated area and osmosis: is when water moves to a move concentrated side
10.Why do cells divide instead of simply getting larger and larger?
It will slow down the cellular process
11.The body cell of a horse has 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will new horse cells have after mitosis?
32 chromosomes
12.Look at the Figure below:a.Identify whether each of the cells shown is an animal cell or a plant cell. Explain how you can tell.b.Which stage of the cell cycle is represented in each diagram?
13.What is typically the longest stage of the cell cycle?
Interphase
14.What is the relationship between sister chromatids?
Each chromosome consists of two identical strands(=chromatids) which are held together by a centromere
15.Familiarize yourself with all stages of the cell cycle. Be able to identify (in images) and describe the stages of mitosis.
interphase: where dna strand prep for cell division
Mitosis: division of the contents of the nucleus and prophase: chormosmes become visble metaphase anaphase:Centromeres split and sister chromatids separate , telophase new nuclecs forms,
Cytokinesis: division of everything else (cytoplasm, membrane, all organelle
16.Why do you think cancer researchers are interested in studying the cell cycle “checkpoints”?
Very rare mutations may affect the DNA that controls the cell cycle checkpoint
17.“Not all tumours are cancerous”. Explain this statement using proper terminology.
A benign tumour is when it’s a non cancerous tumour
18.Explain why early detection of cancer is so critical.
So the cells haven’t d
19.Why might a patient with a tumour exhibit an increased appetite, but not gain any weight?
20.What are carcinogens? Describe two carcinogens that you think are most relevant to people of your age. What is the best way to avoid these carcinogens?
Environmental factors the can mutate your dna like tobacco and uv radiation
21.Describe the five-level hierarchy of structure in animals and give an example at each level.
- Organism i.e. Deer
- Organ system i.e. circulatory system
- individual organ i.e. heart
- Tissue i.e. heart muscle tissue
- cellular level i.e. heart muscle cell
22.What are stem cells? Why are scientists interested in harvesting stem cells?
All specialized cell come from stem cell are they specialized cells are
23.Compare embryonic stem cells and tissue stem cells in terms of versatility andcontroversy.
Embryonic can contribute to medical research
Tissue stem cells: Cannot differentiate into any cell type only a few limited type
24.Label as many parts of the digestive system diagram to the right as you can.
