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Exam review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge.

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2
Q

What charge does an atom have if it has more protons than electrons? More electrons than protons?

A

If it’s positively charged is cation and negatively is anion

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3
Q

2.Compare ionic bonds with covalent bonds.

A

ionic bonding, one atom donates electrons to the other. In covalent bonding, the two atoms share electrons.

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4
Q

3.List all the diatomic elements

A

hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)

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5
Q

4.List the number of atoms and types of atoms in the following molecule: 2Ca(C2H3O2)2

A

2 Ca
4 C
6 H
4 O

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6
Q
  1. What would be the correct formula for the molecule formed by ammonium and phosphorus?
A

(NH4)3+P

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7
Q

6.Name the following molecules: AgNO3, Cu3N2, CaO, HF, ZnCl2, HCl, CO, SO2. Explain the naming rules for each of the molecules identified in this question

A

Silver Nitrate,Copper(II) Nitride, Calcium Oxide, Hydrogen Fluoride, Zinc Chloride, Hydrochloric Acid, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide

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8
Q

7.Write the chemical formula for the following compounds: Calcium oxide, Potassium Iodide, Carbon Monoxide, Cesium bromide, copper (II) bromide

A

Ca3O2, K2I, C3O,

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9
Q

8.Compare synthesis reactions, decomposition, single displacement reaction, double displacement reaction, combustion reactions, and acid-base neutralization reactions

A
  • 2 Elements make a compound
  • Compound decomposes to make an element
  • When one element swaps places with another
  • reaction with the product having carbon dioxide and water
  • Reaction that neutralize an acid
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10
Q

9.If the reaction A + B →C + D occurs and the masses are:A = 12 g, B = 15 g and C = 9g, calculate the mass for D.

A

Conservation of mass said it should equal the same it would be 18g

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11
Q

10.Explain how you can distinguish between an acid and a base by its formula.

A

The chemical formula begins with H in case of acids

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12
Q

11.If NaBr and TiF3are mixed what products would be formed? Write the word equation, skeleton equation, and balanced equation for this reaction.

A
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13
Q

12.Examine the following reaction A + BC→AC + B . If there are 5g of A, 10g of BC, and 12g of AC. How many grams of B are there? What type of reaction is this?

A

Conservation of mass said it should equal the same it would be 3g and is single displacement

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14
Q

13.Review your notes and re-practice balancing any equations

A
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15
Q

1.Define the following: a) reflectionb) refraction c) angle of incidence d) reflected ray e) refracted ray f) angle of reflection g) angle of refraction

A

a) Light bouncing off a mirror
b) The speed of light slowing down is a denser medium
c)The angle of incidence is the angle between the incoming light ray
d)The reflected ray is the light ray that bounces off a surface after striking it.
e) The refracted ray is the light ray that bends as it passes from one medium to another.
f) The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal.
g) The angle of refraction is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal

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16
Q
  1. What is the difference between a concave and convex mirror?
A

Concave is when the mirror is bent inward and convex is bent outward

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17
Q
  1. Be able to predict the SALT for an image in a concave (converging) mirror and convex (diverging) mirror. (See table 1 on page 499 and read the caption on figure 13 on page 500)
A

Convex will produce a smaller virtual image and Concave no image is formed as the lines are parellel

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18
Q
  1. If the angle of incidence is 40 the reflected ray will make what angle with the reflecting surface?
A

90-40= 50 degrees

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19
Q
  1. In which of the following mirrors will a virtual image always be formed: convex, concave, plane (multiple answers)
A

Concave and plane

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20
Q
  1. If the index of refraction is 1.53 for salt, what is the speed of light as it travels through salt?(hint: n = c/v)
A

1.53 x vaccum of air = speed of the second medium

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21
Q
  1. Describe refraction.
Study These Flashcards
A

Refraction is when light rays go from a faster medium to a slower medium causing the light moving closer to the normal

22
Q
  1. When an object is placed on the centre of curvature for a concave mirror, where will the image be formed? What would be the magnification of the image compared to the object?
Study These Flashcards
A

It would be upside down and magnification -1

23
Q
  1. What conditions must happen in order for total internal reflection to occur?
Study These Flashcards
A

The first medium must be more dense and the second medium

24
Q
  1. What type of light is produced by Glowsticks? Fireflies? Traditional light bulb
Study These Flashcards
A

Chemiluminescence
Bioluminescence
Fluorescent

25
12. An object in front of a concave mirror has a height of 8.0 cm. The object is placed 40 cm from the mirror and a virtual image is formed 40 cm from the mirror. Determine the height of the image. (hint: hi/ho= di/do)
hi/8.0 = 4/4 hi x di/do 8.0 x 1 = 8 hi = 8.0
26
13. Review how to draw ray diagrams for a concave and convex mirror.
27
14. What is lateral inversion
When and image is reflected flip lateral
28
1. Compare plant and animal cells. Which organelles do their share in common and which do they not?
Chloroplasts Central Vacuole Cell Wall
29
2. List all organelles and their function.
Nucleus: The "control center" of the cell. Mitochondria: Known as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): There are two types: Rough ER: Covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis and modification. Smooth ER: Involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage. Ribosomes: Small structures made of RNA and protein. are responsible for protein synthesis. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body): It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside the cell Lysosomes: break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders like bacteria. Peroxisomes: Organelles that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances Cytoskeleton: A network of protein filaments and tubules that provide structural support for the cell, help with intracellular transport, and play a role in cell division and movement. Vacuoles: Membrane-bound organelles that store nutrient. In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and involved in storage and transport. Centrosomes and Centrioles: Involved in organizing the microtubules and the process of cell division. Centrioles play a key role during mitosis, ensuring proper chromosome separation. Plasma Membrane:It regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintains homeostasis, and facilitates communication with other cells.
30
3. Compare diffusion and osmosis. Use drawings if necessary to explain both.
Diffusion is when particles move from a high to a low concentrated area and osmosis: is when water moves to a move concentrated side
31
4. What are the stages of the cell cycle? Review your notes on the various phases of mitosis (PMAT).
Interphase Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase and telophase Cytokinesis
32
5. Which stage of the cell cycle are cells usually in?
cells are usually interphase, as it is the longest
33
6. What are stem cells?
Specialized cells are able to turn into different
34
8. What is metastasis?
Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread throughout the body
35
7. Differentiate between a benign and a malignant tumour.
Benign is a cancerous tumour and a malignant tumour is cancerous
36
8. Be able to describe how food travels throughthe digestive systemand be able to label key organs? Name the function for the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and esophagus.
mouth: breaks down the food into small pieces esophagus: pushes the food in the right direction stomach: breaks down the food Small intestine: chemical breakdown is completed large intestine: Where the waste exits the body
37
9. What are arteries, capillaries, and veins? How do they differ in structure and function?
arteries carry blood away from the heart, vein carry blood towards the heart and capillaries allows gases and nutrients to easily diffuse in and out
38
10. Compare the function of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
Red blood cells: transport oxygen White blood cells: fight bacteria and viruses Platelets: stops blood clotting Plasma: liquid that carries all others cells
39
11. Describe the movement of air as it enters the mouth/nose until it reaches the blood stream.
Through the nose to the phranyx to the laynx and then the brochi and the avieoli where the air tranport into the blood stream
40
12. Know how to calculate magnification when provided the ocular lens and objective lens magnification. Be able to calculate the field of view using a ruler in mm and in micrometers.
Total Magnification= Ocular Lens Magnification× Objective Lens Magnification
41
14. Compare the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory system. How are they interrelated?
How the transport nutrient and takes in nutrients
42
15. List the following in order from smallest in size to the largest in size: tissue, organ system, cell, organ system
5. Organism i.e. Deer 4. Organ system i.e. circulatory system 3. individual organ i.e. heart 2. Tissue i.e. heart muscle tissue 1. cellular level i.e. heart muscle cell
43
17. Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion.
mechanical is physically breaking down food e.x mouth and chemically is acid in the stomach breaking it down
44
18. identify two cancer treatments methods and explain some advantages and disadvantages of those treatment methods.
Surgery: Cancerous cells are physically removed Only if tumour is physically accessible and well-defined Chemotherapy: strong drug that kill the tumour but cause side effects e.x. hair loss
45
19. What is the difference between the root system and the shoot system in plants (section 4.1)
Shoot system: are leaves and the stem Root: Roots
46
20. Review the other tissue systems in section 4.
Plant tissue, Dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue
47
1. What does the term anthropogenic mean?
environmental change caused or influenced by people, either directly or indirectly.
48
2. What do greenhouse gases do?
absorb the sun's heat that radiates from the Earth's surface, trap it in the atmosphere
49
3. What may have an effect on the acidification of oceans?
Deforestation, Fossil Fuel Combustion, Agriculture
50
5. What is the effect of climate change on the various ecosystems.
51
What are carcinogens?
Carcinogens are environmental factors that can mutate your dna

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