Biology

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Question 2

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reaction they catalyze.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the __________ of a chemical reaction.

Answer 3

activation energy

Question 4

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 4

The region on the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Question 5

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Answer 5

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration.

Question 6

What is a substrate?

Answer 6

The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Question 7

True or False: Enzymes are specific to their substrates.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the role of cofactors in enzyme activity?

Answer 8

Cofactors assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions, often by stabilizing enzyme-substrate complexes.

Question 9

What are prokaryotes?

Answer 9

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 10

Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 11

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

True or False: All eukaryotes are multicellular.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Answer 13

To synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Question 14

What organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell, containing the genetic material.

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 16

To synthesize proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER) and transport them within the cell.

Question 17

What is the main function of lysosomes?

Answer 17

To digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 18

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 19

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.

Question 20

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 20

A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the external environment.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The __________ provides structure and support to plant cells.

Answer 21

cell wall

Question 22

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 22

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have them.

Question 23

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 23

To provide a medium for chemical reactions and house organelles within the cell.

Question 24

True or False: Enzymes can function in extreme temperatures and pH levels.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 25

A substance that competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.

Question 26

What does the term 'allosteric regulation' refer to?

Answer 26

The regulation of an enzyme's activity through the binding of molecules at sites other than the active site.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in the synthesis of ATP.

Answer 27

mitochondria

Question 28

What is the main role of the plasma membrane?

Answer 28

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 29

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Answer 29

To convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.

Question 30

What is the role of DNA in cells?

Answer 30

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for protein synthesis.

Answer 31

ribosome

Question 32

What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 32

To store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

Question 33

True or False: Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain DNA.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What is the primary component of the cell membrane?

Answer 34

Phospholipids

Question 35

What is the function of cytoskeleton?

Answer 35

To provide structural support and shape to the cell, and facilitate movement.

Question 36

What are peroxisomes responsible for?

Answer 36

Breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: __________ are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Answer 37

Chloroplasts

Question 38

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 38

To produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosomes.

Question 39

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the role of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 40

To provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Question 41

What is feedback inhibition?

Answer 41

A regulatory mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme involved in its production.