Biology

Question 1

List the two types of cells

Answer 1

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 2

Define eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Complex cells with a nucleus and many organelles such as the mitochondria.

Question 3

Define prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

Simple cells with genetics in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

What are the 3 statements of cell theory?

Answer 4

All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 5

List the characteristics of life

Answer 5

Nutrition, respiration, growth, excretion, homeostasis, movement, reproduction.

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It holds the DNA and tells the cell what to do.

Question 7

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

Answer 7

The nuclear membrane protects the nucleus and controls what goes in and out of it.

Question 8

What is the function of the ribosome?

Answer 8

Ribosomes make proteins by reading instructions from the DNA.

Question 9

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 9

The vacuole stores things like water, nutrients, and waste. It helps keep the cell clean and organized.

Question 10

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 10

Lysosomes break down and recycle old or damaged cell parts and waste, like a cleanup crew.

Question 11

What is the function of the nucleoli?

Answer 11

The nucleoli are where ribosomes are made inside the nucleus.

Question 12

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 12

Mitochondria turn food into energy the cell can use—like tiny power plants.

Question 13

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

The smooth ER helps make fats (lipids) and moves them around the cell.

Question 14

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

The rough ER makes and modifies proteins, with help from the ribosomes on its surface.

Question 15

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

Answer 15

The Golgi complex packages and ships proteins and other materials to where they’re needed.

Question 16

What is the function of microtubules?

Answer 16

Microtubules give the cell its shape and help move things inside the cell.

Question 17

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 17

Centrioles help organize the cell’s skeleton during cell division.

Question 18

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 18

The cytoplasm fills the cell and helps keep the organelles in place. It’s where many cell activities happen.

Question 19

What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 19

Microvilli increase the cell’s surface area so it can absorb more nutrients or substances.

Question 20

What is the function of the plasma/cell membrane?

Answer 20

The cell membrane acts like a gatekeeper, controlling what comes in and out of the cell.

Question 21

What is the function and location of ciliated cells?

Answer 21

Ciliated cells move substances using tiny hair-like structures called cilia. They are found in the respiratory tract (to clear mucus) and in the reproductive system.

Question 22

What is the function and location of root hair cells?

Answer 22

Root hair cells absorb water and nutrients from soil by increasing surface area. They are found on the roots of plants.

Question 23

What is the function and location of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Answer 23

Red blood cells transport oxygen to the body and carry carbon dioxide to the lungs. They are found in the bloodstream.

Question 24

What is the function and location of sperm cells?

Answer 24

Sperm cells fertilize the female egg. They are produced in the male reproductive system (testes).

Question 25

What is the function and location of stem cells?

Answer 25

Stem cells can become different types of cells. Embryonic stem cells are found in embryos, and adult stem cells are found in places like bone marrow.

Question 26

What is the function and location of palisade cells?

Answer 26

Palisade cells carry out photosynthesis. They are located in the upper part of plant leaves (mesophyll layer).

Question 27

What is the function and location of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

Answer 27

White blood cells protect the body from infection. They are found in the blood and can move into tissues.

Question 28

What is the function and location of muscle cells (myocytes)?

Answer 28

Muscle cells cause movement and contraction. They are found in muscles: skeletal muscles, heart (cardiac), and organs (smooth muscles).

Question 29

What is the function and location of egg cells (ova)?

Answer 29

Egg cells are female reproductive cells that get fertilized by sperm. They are found in the ovaries.

Question 30

What is the function and location of nerve cells (neurons)?

Answer 30

Nerve cells send electrical signals to communicate information. They are found throughout the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves).