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Biology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water

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2
Q

What are the four main body systems and their functions?

A
  • Digestive: Digest and absorb nutrients
  • Respiratory: Gas exchange
  • Circulatory: Gas & nutrient transport
  • Excretory: Waste removal
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3
Q

What are the complex nutrients found in food?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates are broken down into _______.

A

glucose

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Proteins are broken down into _______.

A

amino acids

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: Lipids are broken down into _______ and _______.

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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7
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until at equilibrium

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8
Q

True or False: Diffusion occurs due to more collisions in areas of low concentration.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the process through which air diffuses in and out of the respiratory system?

A

Ventilation (inhalation/exhalation)

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10
Q

What is gas exchange in the respiratory system?

A
  • Oxygen diffuses from air in the alveolus into the blood capillaries
  • Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood capillaries into air in the alveolus
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11
Q

What is the role of arteries in the circulatory system?

A

Arteries can constrict (vasoconstriction) and dilate (vasodilation) to limit or promote blood flow

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12
Q

What is urea and how is it related to the excretory system?

A

Urea is a waste product from protein metabolism filtered from blood by the kidneys and removed from the body in urine

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13
Q

What does the circulatory system supply to cells?

A
  • Oxygen gas (via respiratory system)
  • Glucose and other nutrients (via digestive system)
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14
Q

What does the circulatory system remove from cells?

A
  • Carbon dioxide (via respiratory system)
  • Urea and other wastes (via excretory system)
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15
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

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16
Q

What are the conditions included in homeostasis?

A
  • Water regulation
  • Temperature regulation
  • Gas concentrations
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17
Q

What are the two components of the nervous system?

A
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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18
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

Controls breathing rate, blood pressure, and heart rate using feedback loops

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19
Q

What type of receptors detect changes in the environment?

A

Stimuli receptors

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus controls the _______ system.

A

endocrine

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21
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that travel through the bloodstream and influence reaction rates within cells and tissues

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22
Q

What is an example of an endocrine gland and the hormone it produces?

A
  • Thyroid gland → thyroxine
  • Testes → testosterone
  • Ovaries → oestrogen
  • Pancreas → insulin
  • Adrenal glands → adrenaline
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23
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

A

Directly controls the pituitary gland and releases hormones to stimulate or inhibit hormone release

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24
Q

What is the definition of an ecosystem?

A

A community, its environment, and the interactions between them

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25
What are abiotic factors?
Non-living, physical factors such as water, temperature, light, soil nutrients/minerals, and oxygen/carbon dioxide
26
What are biotic factors?
Living factors (relationships) such as predation, competition, pathogenic disease, and symbiosis
27
What is predation?
One organism (predator) kills another organism (prey) for food
28
What is mutualism?
Both organisms benefit from their relationship
29
What is the role of honey bees in agriculture?
Pollinators that transfer pollen from one flowering plant to another while feeding on nectar
30
What are trophic levels?
The position an organism occupies in a food chain/web
31
What is Lindeman’s law of 10 percent?
Only 10% of the energy consumed by an organism is passed on to the next trophic level
32
What is an energy pyramid?
A representation showing that the amount of available energy decreases down the food chain
33
What is an ecocentric perspective?
A view that incorporates a deep appreciation of, and respect for, the environment and embodies a responsibility for maintaining ecosystems
34
What has led to the functional extinction of dugongs in China?
* Hunting * Habitat loss * Collisions with ships * Other human interventions
35
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water
36
What are the four main body systems and their functions?
* Digestive: Digest and absorb nutrients * Respiratory: Gas exchange * Circulatory: Gas & nutrient transport * Excretory: Waste removal
37
What are the complex nutrients found in food?
* Carbohydrates * Proteins * Lipids
38
Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates are broken down into _______.
glucose
39
Fill in the blank: Proteins are broken down into _______.
amino acids
40
Fill in the blank: Lipids are broken down into _______ and _______.
fatty acids and glycerol
41
What is diffusion?
The random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until at equilibrium
42
True or False: Diffusion occurs due to more collisions in areas of low concentration.
False
43
What is the process through which air diffuses in and out of the respiratory system?
Ventilation (inhalation/exhalation)
44
What is gas exchange in the respiratory system?
* Oxygen diffuses from air in the alveolus into the blood capillaries * Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood capillaries into air in the alveolus
45
What is the role of arteries in the circulatory system?
Arteries can constrict (vasoconstriction) and dilate (vasodilation) to limit or promote blood flow
46
What is urea and how is it related to the excretory system?
Urea is a waste product from protein metabolism filtered from blood by the kidneys and removed from the body in urine
47
What does the circulatory system supply to cells?
* Oxygen gas (via respiratory system) * Glucose and other nutrients (via digestive system)
48
What does the circulatory system remove from cells?
* Carbon dioxide (via respiratory system) * Urea and other wastes (via excretory system)
49
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
50
What are the conditions included in homeostasis?
* Water regulation * Temperature regulation * Gas concentrations
51
What are the two components of the nervous system?
* Central Nervous System (CNS) * Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
52
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Controls breathing rate, blood pressure, and heart rate using feedback loops
53
What type of receptors detect changes in the environment?
Stimuli receptors
54
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus controls the _______ system.
endocrine
55
What are hormones?
Chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that travel through the bloodstream and influence reaction rates within cells and tissues
56
What is an example of an endocrine gland and the hormone it produces?
* Thyroid gland → thyroxine * Testes → testosterone * Ovaries → oestrogen * Pancreas → insulin * Adrenal glands → adrenaline
57
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
Directly controls the pituitary gland and releases hormones to stimulate or inhibit hormone release
58
What is the definition of an ecosystem?
A community, its environment, and the interactions between them
59
What are abiotic factors?
Non-living, physical factors such as water, temperature, light, soil nutrients/minerals, and oxygen/carbon dioxide
60
What are biotic factors?
Living factors (relationships) such as predation, competition, pathogenic disease, and symbiosis
61
What is predation?
One organism (predator) kills another organism (prey) for food
62
What is mutualism?
Both organisms benefit from their relationship
63
What is the role of honey bees in agriculture?
Pollinators that transfer pollen from one flowering plant to another while feeding on nectar
64
What are trophic levels?
The position an organism occupies in a food chain/web
65
What is Lindeman’s law of 10 percent?
Only 10% of the energy consumed by an organism is passed on to the next trophic level
66
What is an energy pyramid?
A representation showing that the amount of available energy decreases down the food chain
67
What is an ecocentric perspective?
A view that incorporates a deep appreciation of, and respect for, the environment and embodies a responsibility for maintaining ecosystems
68
What has led to the functional extinction of dugongs in China?
* Hunting * Habitat loss * Collisions with ships * Other human interventions

Science biology (4 decks)

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