Biology 1B - Environment and Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Give four ways in which a desert animal may be adapted to its environment.

A
  • Large Surface Area / To lose more body heat.
  • Efficient with Water / Concentrated urine to lose less water.
  • Camouflage/ Sandy colour to avoid predators or sneak up on prey.
  • Good in hot conditions/ Thin layers of body fat.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give three ways in which a arctic animal may be adapted to its environment.

A
  • Small Surface Area / Reduce heat loss.
  • Well Insulated/ Thick layers of fat that also store energy/ Thick coat/ Greasy fur.
  • Camouflage/ White fur for snow.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State three ways plant and animals might be adapted to deter predators.

A
  • Armour - Roses (Thorns) Tortoises (Shells)
  • Poisons - Bees and Poison Ivy
  • Warning Colours - Wasps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give three ways in which a plant may be adapted to its environment.

A
  • Small Surface area / Reduce water loss
  • Water Storage Tissue/ Thick stem store water
  • Maximising Water Absorption / Deep roots to read underground water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name four things an animal competes for.

A
  • Space (territory)
  • Food
  • Water
  • Mates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name four things a plant competes for.

A
  • Light
  • Space
  • Water
  • Minerals (from soil)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give two examples of non-living factors that can cause environmental changes.

A
  • Change in average Temperature.

- Change in average Rainfall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give two examples of living factors that can cause environmental changes.

A
  • Change in number of predators.

- Change in numbers of prey ( availability in food source)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain how lichen can be used as an indicator of air pollution.

A

Lichen is sensitive to Sulfur Dioxide (car exhaustion and power stations) in the atmosphere. The number of lichen in a particular location will indicate how clean the air is (clean air lots of lichen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name an organism that can be used as an indicator of water pollution.

A

Mayfly Larvae - More larvae means clean water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does each bar on a pyramid of biomass represent?

A

Bottom Bar - Producer / Plant (Dandelions)
Second Bar - Primary Consumer/ Prey that eats plant (Rabbit)
Final bars - Secondary Consumer/ Predator that eats prey ( Fox)
The Food Chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give two ways that energy is lost in the food chain.

A
  • Plants / Photosynthesis
  • Animals / Heat Loss/ Animals Waste/ Movement
    This is why biomass pyramids get smaller as they go up as there is more energy is lost at each stage so each level is less.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give one way carbon dioxide from the air enters the food chain.

A

Carbon dioxide becomes apart of fats and proteins in animals when they eat plants and is returned through respiration and waste going back in the soil and absorbed by plants again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name three animal characteristics that are determined only by genes.

A
  • Eye colour.
  • Blood Group.
  • Inherited Disorder (cystic fibrosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name three animal characteristics that are determined by characteristics and genes.

A
  • Height
  • Skin colour
  • Body Weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have in each cell?

A

23

17
Q

How would you make a plant clone using tissue culture?

A

Few plant cells are put in a growth medium with hormones and grow into a new plant (clones) made quickly in little space and grown all year.

18
Q

State two example of useful applications of genetic engineering.

A
  • Increase yield of crops (more foooood)

- People in developing countries often lack nutrients which crops could be engineered to contain more of.

19
Q

Explain Darwins theory of natural selection.

A

Individuals with characteristics that make them better adapted to the environment have a better chance of survival more likely to breed successfully.

20
Q

Why was Darwins theory controversial at the time?

A
  • Against religious beliefs of God being our creator.

- There wasn’t enough evidence to back up his idea.

21
Q

Explain how Lamarck’s hypothesis was different from Darwins.

A

He believed if a characteristic was used enough (legs for running) it would become more developed in its lifetime (longer legs) and would be passed down to the next generation.

22
Q

Explain how plants can be cloned using cuttings.

A

Take a cutting from the parent plant and plant it to produce a genetically identical copies. Be produced quick and cheap.