Biology 2B - Enzymes and Genetics

Question 1

What is a catalyst?

Answer 1

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in a reaction.

Question 2

Three functions of proteins in living cells.

Answer 2

• Structural components of a tissue (e.g. muscle)
• Hormones
• Antibodies

Question 3

Why does an enzyme-catalysed reaction stop when a reaction is heated over a certain temperature?

Answer 3

Too hot and some of the bonds holding the enzymes together break. This destroys the enzymes special shape and it won’t work (denatured)

Question 4

Three places in the body amylase is produced?

Answer 4

• Salivary Glands
• Pancreas
• Small Intestines

Question 5

Where in the body is bile produced?

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

Where in the body is bile stored?

Answer 6

Gall Bladder

Question 7

Where in the body is bile used?

Answer 7

It is released in to the small intestines.

Question 8

Why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acid?

Answer 8

Hydrochloric acid makes the ph in the stomach too acidic for enzymes in the small intestines to work properly.

Question 9

What is the effect of bile with hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Answer 9

Bile is a alkaline it neutralises the acids and makes conditions alkaline. The enzymes in the small intestines work best in alkaline conditions.

Question 10

Word equation for aerobic respiration.

Answer 10

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 11

Two examples of how an animal uses the energy released by aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

• It allows the muscles to contract.

- In mammals and birds he energy is used to keep their body temperature steady.

Question 12

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in the body.

Answer 12

Glucose —-> Energy + Lactic Acid

Question 13

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 13

Used when doing vicarious exercise and your body can’t apply enough oxygen to the muscles. ANaerobic means without oxygen the incomplete breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid.

Question 14

What is an oxygen debt?

Answer 14

After resorting to anaerobic respiration when you stop exercising you’ll have an oxygen debt. You have to repay the oxygen your lungs heart and blood couldn’t keep up with the demand earlier.

Question 15

Two types of enzymes that would be useful biological washing powder.

Answer 15

• Enzymes break down animal and plane matter so ideal for removing stains like food or blood.
• more effective at working at low temperatures than other detergents.

Question 16

Three advantages of using enzymes in industries.

Answer 16

• They are biodegradable and therefor cause less environmental pollution.
• Using lower temperatures and pressures means a lower cost as it saves energy.
• They are specific so they only catalyse the reaction you want them to.

Question 17

Three disadvantages of using enzymes in industries.

Answer 17

• Contamination of the enzymes with other substances can effect the reaction.
• Enzymes can be expensive to produce.
• Some people can develop allergies to the enzymes (Washing Powders)

Question 18

How does DNA control the activities of a cell?

Answer 18

Contains instructions to put an organism together and make it work and to make a specific protein.

Question 19

How is DNA fingerprinting used in forensic science?

Answer 19

Everyones fingerprint has a unique pattern. DNA and fingerprints taken from a crime scene compared to samples taken from a suspect.

Question 20

What is Mitosis used for in the human body?

Answer 20

Used to make new cells for growth and repair.

Question 21

Another use of Mitosis.

Answer 21

Some organisms also reproduce by mitosis ,an example of asexual reproduction. Offsprings have the exact same genes as the parent so there no variation.

Question 22

What is the use of Meiosis?

Answer 22

To make new cells which only have half the original number of chromosomes cells divide by meiosis. In humans it only happens in reproductive organs (ovaries and testes)