biology 2

Question 1

artery

Answer 1

carries the oxygenated blood away from the heart
thick, muscular walls, small lumen
carries blood under high pressure
oxygenated blood except form pulmonary artery

Question 2

vein

Answer 2

carries deoxygenated blood to the heart
thin walls, large lumen
carries blood under low pressure
has valves to prevent wrong direction flow

Question 3

pulmonary vein

Answer 3

is the exception, carried oxygenated blood

Question 4

pulmonary artery

Answer 4

is the reception, carries deoxygenated blood

Question 5

capillary

Answer 5

connects arteries n veins
one cell thick to allow diffusion
carries blood under low pressure

Question 6

what does blood consist of

Answer 6

half plasma
half red blood cells
minimal white blood cells
minimal platelets

Question 7

what’s plasma

Answer 7

pale yellow fluid
transports CO2 hormones and waste

Question 8

red blood cells

Answer 8

carries oxygen
large surface area
no nucleus
full of haemoglobin

Question 9

white blood cells

Answer 9

part of immune system
some produce antibodies
others surround n engluf pathogens

Question 10

platelets

Answer 10

fragments of cells
clump together to form blood clots

Question 11

trachea

Answer 11

carries air to n from lungs
rings of cartilage protect the airway

Question 12

bronchioles

Answer 12

carries air to n from from the air sacs
splits into multiple pathways to reach all air sacs

Question 13

capillaries

Answer 13

allows gas exchange between into n out of blood
oxygen diffused into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out

Question 14

right ventricle

Answer 14

pumps blood into the lungs where gas exchange takes place

Question 15

left ventricle

Answer 15

pumps blood around to the rest of the body

Question 16

pacemaker

Answer 16

controls the natural resting heart rate
artificially pacemakers can be fitted to correct irregularities

Question 17

coronary arteries

Answer 17

carry oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle

Question 18

heart valves

Answer 18

prevent blood in the heart from flowing in the wrong direction

Question 19

what r cells in an organism type shi

Answer 19

building blocks
eg. muscle cells

Question 20

what is tissue

Answer 20

group of cells with a similar structure and function
eg muscle tissue

Question 21

organs

Answer 21

aggregations (working together)
of tissues preforming a specific function

Question 22

organ systems

Answer 22

organs working together to form an organ system
eg, circulatory system

Question 23

food tests - sugar

Answer 23

benedict’s test
orange to brick red precipitate

Question 24

food tests - starch

Answer 24

iodine test
turns black

Question 25

biuret

Answer 25

biuret reagent mauve or purple solution

Question 26

non communicatable diseases

Answer 26

more energy consumed in food n drink than used obesity linked to increased rates of cardiovascular disease and development of type 2 diabetes

Question 27

what can make the enzyme stop from working

Answer 27

temperatures being too high, pH too high or low it dentures, making the substrate no longer fit

Question 28

what does enzyme activity do

Answer 28

optimum temperature had optimum pH

Question 29

lock n key theory

Answer 29

enzymes catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site

Question 30

what do digestive enzymes do

Answer 30

speed up conversion rate of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules to be absorbed into blood stream

Question 31

carbohydrates

Answer 31

made in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine break down carbohydrates to simple sugar eg amylase to glucose

Question 32

proteases

Answer 32

made in stomach, pancreas breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 33

lipaseses

Answer 33

made in pancreas (works in small intestine) breaks down lipids to glycerol n fatty acids

Question 34

bile (not an enzyme)

Answer 34

made in liven, stored in gall bladder emulsifies lipids to increase surface areas to j crease rate of lipid breakdown by lipsse changes pH too natural for lipase to work