Biology 2

Question 1

When you breathe in, where does oxygen eventually get transported to?

Answer 1

To the body’s cells’ to keep them working.

Question 2

When you breathe in air, what happens to the diaphragm?

Answer 2

It flattens.

Question 3

When your breathe in, what happens to the Intercostal Muscles?

Answer 3

They contract.

Question 4

What structure is held at the end of the bronchioles?

Answer 4

Little air sacs called Alveoli.

Question 5

What is wrapped around the Alveolus?

Answer 5

Capillaries full of red blood cells.

Question 6

What gases pass out of the blood and into the alveolus for us to breathe out?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide rich-oxygen.

Question 7

Define Alveoli.

Answer 7

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

Question 8

Define inhalation.

Answer 8

The process of Breathing in.

Question 9

Define Exhalation.

Answer 9

The process of Breathing out.

Question 10

Define Glucose.

Answer 10

A type of sugar that the body releases energy from during respiration.

Question 11

Define Respiration.

Answer 11

The process that the body uses to release energy from digested foods. this happens in EVERY CELL in the body.

Question 12

Define Aerobic.

Answer 12

The type of respiration that occurs with oxygen. It happens in the mitochondria of all cells.

Question 13

Define Anaerobic.

Answer 13

The type of Respiration that occurs without oxygen, in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 14

Define Ventilation.

Answer 14

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 15

Define Gas Exchange

Answer 15

The swapping of gases between the alveolar air and the blood.

Question 16

What is the job of the Respiratory System?

Answer 16

Ventilation and Gas exchange.

Question 17

Feature of the Alveoli:
Large Surface Area;
How does this feature help the Alveoli to carry our gas exchange to occur?

Answer 17

The walls of the Alveoli are also folded, this helps to increase surface area. A higher surface area means here is more space available for gas exchange to occur.

Question 18

Feature of the Alveoli:
Surrounded by Capillaries;
How does this feature help the Alveoli to carry our gas exchange to occur?

Answer 18

Every single alveolus is surrounded by capillaries, this ensures the lungs have a good blood supply. As blood is constantly taking oxygen away and bringing carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be removed from the body a constant concentration gradient is maintained, this speeds up the rate of diffusion.

Question 19

Feature of the Alveoli:
Thin Wall;
How does this feature help the Alveoli to carry our gas exchange to occur?

Answer 19

The walls of the alveoli are very thin, one cell thick. This makes the diffusion pathway very short to gases can move more quickly between the alveolar sac and the capillary.

Question 20

Feature of the Alveoli:
Well Ventilated;
How does this feature help the Alveoli to carry our gas exchange to occur?

Answer 20

Every single alveolus is ventilated, this also helps to maintain the maximum concentration gradient between the blood and the air in the alveoli.

Question 21

Explain why the balloons inflate when the flexible rubble sheet is pulled down.

Answer 21

The volume increases and the pressure decreases.

Question 22

Define roots.

Answer 22

Absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

Question 23

Define stems.

Answer 23

It transports water and nutrients around the plant.

Question 24

Define flower.

Answer 24

The reproductive system of plants, they produce fruits containing seeds.

Question 25

Define leaves.

Answer 25

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 26

How are leaves adapted?

The feature of leaf that make it suitable for photosynthesis are:

Answer 26

1. A leaf is broad and flat to capture lots of sunlight.
2. Veins carry water to the leaf and take food from the leaf to the rest of the plant. Veins also help to support the leaf.
3. Certain plant cells, contain chloroplast containing Chlorophyll.
4. Small holes called stomata in the underside of a leaf allow gases in and out.

Question 27

Part of the Leaf:
Palisade Cell;
Function & Adaptions.

Answer 27

Function;
They have many more chloroplast to catch as much sunlight as possible for photosynthesis.
Adaption;
To make the most of the light conditions they receive.

Question 28

Part of the Leaf:
Spongy Mesophyll;
Function & Adaptions.

Answer 28

Function; Cells are not packed together, allows carbon dioxide to reach the possible cells for photosynthesis.
Adaptions;
They contain irregularly shaped cells with few chloroplast.

Question 29

Part of the Leaf:
Guard Cells;
Function & Adaptions.

Answer 29

Functions;
They open and close the Stomata.
Adaptions;
Carbon Dioxide and oxygen can’t just diffuse into the leaf.

Question 30

Part of the Leaf:
Waxy Cuticle;
Function & Adaptions.

Answer 30

Functions;
Prevent water loss within the leaf by evaporation.
Adaptions;
Plants that live entirely in water do not have a waxy cuticle.

Question 31

Part of the Leaf:
Xylem & Phloem;
Function & Adaptions.

Answer 31

Functions;
Xylem vessels is absorbed from the soil through root hair cells. Phloem vessels are involved in translocation.
Adaptions;
Xylem vessels have no cytoplasm. Phloem vessels have SIV tubes.

Question 32

Describe what its meant by Translocation.

Answer 32

Movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Question 33

Define Osmosis.

Answer 33

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution(which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution(with low concentration of water) down a concentrated gradient.

Question 34

What is Hypertonic?

Answer 34

A solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents.

Question 35

What is Hypotonic?

Answer 35

A solution that is less concentrated than the cell contents.

Question 36

What is Isotonic?

Answer 36

A solution that is the same concentrated as the cell contents.