Biology 2: test 2. :/ Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when there are two different alleles and they both get expressed in the offspring? Example

A

Co-dominance, cows chickens, blood types a and b

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2
Q

IWhat is it called when one gene blocks the xpression of all genes

A

epistasis

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3
Q

How did Mendell get lucky?

A

pea plants don’t blend, there were only two options for phenotypes, all genes were located on different chromosomes which lead him to discover independent assortment

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4
Q

Monohybrid vs. dihybrid

A

m: hybrids crossed looking at 1 trait. d: 2 traits

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5
Q

What is it called when one gene has many effects in an organism?

A

pleiotropy

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6
Q

How is skin color determined

A

polygenic inheritance

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7
Q

What are these called?

A

possible genes in the male and female gametes

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8
Q

What does it mean if a person is a carrier?

A

heterozygous and carry the recessive gene

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9
Q

How is human blood type controlled

A

Multiple alleles

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10
Q

What did the pairs of pennies represent

A

the alleles present at fertilization.

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11
Q

Alelle

A

alternate forms of genes at the same time on the Homologous chromosomes

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12
Q

Test cross

A

something we can do when we don’t know the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. we bread it with a homozygous recessive individual and look at the offspring

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13
Q

A blending of two traits is called, example

A

incomplete dominance, snapdragons

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14
Q

Rabbit color is controlled by

A

genes at several locations on the chromosomes

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15
Q

hybrid

A

the bringing together of 2 different things

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16
Q

monohybrid cross

A

simple punnett square, crossed two parents looking at one trait

17
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

cross parents looking at 2 traits at one time, how mendel discovered independent assortment

18
Q

incomplete dominance

A

2 different genes together, there is a blending of their phenotypes

19
Q

Codominance

A

both genes are expressed fully

20
Q

Multiple Alleles

A

more than 2 possible alleles for a particular trait

21
Q

Pleiotropy

A

one gene has multiple phenotypic effects in the organism

22
Q

example of pleiotropy

A

sickle cell anemia- change in DNA, red blood cell is deformed

23
Q

Epistasis

A

a gene having an effect on the other gene effect: phenotypic expression of a gene at a second location

24
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

groups (at least 3) of genes working together. if all genes are dominant very very dark. if all are recessive very very white.

25
Q

Multifactoral Characters

A

traits that are effected by both genes and the environment

26
Q

pedegree

A

family history

27
Q

Amniocentesis

A

the liquid that the fetis bathes in is removed and tested

28
Q

Chlorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

A

TAKE PART OF THE PACENTA