Biology #3 Flashcards by Emmaleigh Johnson

Which is NOT a method used to classify viruses?

-Type of replication
-Morphology
-type of disease
-Genome material
-Type of organelles
-Host

types of organelles

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The protein coat that surrounds the viral genetic material is called the
Receptor
Capsid
Helicase
Tail sheath

capsid

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In which phase of bacteriophage infection does the tail sheath inject DNA into the host cell?
Attachment
Biosynthesis
Penetration
Maturation
Release

Penetration

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Viruses that attack bacteria are called bacteriophage.
True
False

true

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Viruses use only RNA as their genetic material.

True
False

false

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Viruses have complex organelles for infecting their host cells.
True
False

false

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In which phase of HIV infection is viral DNA spliced into the DNA of the host cell?
Attachment
Biosynthesis
Penetration
Maturation
Release
Integration

integration

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The envelope of a retrovirus comes from the membrane from the last host cell.
True
False

true

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The genetic material in retroviruses is DNA.

True
False

false

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Which is NOT an organ in the lymphatic system?

tonsils
spleen
thymus
bone marrow
All are organs in the lymphatic system

all are organs in the lymphatic system

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Which of the following push debris to the top of the esophagus?

proteases
skin
clotting
cilia

cilia

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Damaged red blood cell are removed in the…

red pulp of the spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
White pulp of the spleen

red pulp of the spleen

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Which of the following break down Proteins?

proteases
nucleases

protease

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Which starts a biochemical cascade that ends in the production of porin proteins?

Nucleases
clotting proteins
the compliment system
the insult system

the compliment system

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Which is NOT a role of histamine?

lableling “self” from “non-self”
causes “leaky” blood capillaries
causes increased blood flow
causes swelling

labeling “self” from “non-self”

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which type of cells would be best for fighting infected host cells or cancer cells?

Cytotoxic T-cells
Memory B-cells
Compliment cells
Macrophage cells

cytotoxic T-cells

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Which is NOY true of B-cells?

Produce antibodies on their surfaces
Mature in the thymus
An individual B-lymphocyte produces a single type of antibody
Can release the antibodies from their surfaces if they’re activated

mature in the thymus

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Where does fluid in the lumph system come from?

mucous in the throat
blood capilaries
The spleen
the thymus

blood capillaries

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Which cell type would be best for fighting a cell that was infected with a recurring virus?

dendritic cells
T-cells
B-cells
basophiles
neutrophils

T-cells

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Which is NOT one of the non-specific physical bariers?

clotting
cilia
skin
proteases

Proteases

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Which type of white blood cell is an antigen presenting cell?

Basophils
Dendritic cells
Red blood cell
Neutrophils

Dendritic cells

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Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Label the target for neutrophils and macrophages.
A bonded antibody activates the compliment system.
They can cover the target and “smother” it’s attachment sites
They can use their Y shape to cross-link targets together so that they clump up.
All of the choices are functions of antibodies.

all of the choices are functions of antibodies

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Cyanobacteria are large enough to leave fossils in the geological record.
True
False

true

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In the fossil record, it appears that the back of the reptile jaw evolves into the inner ear bones in mammals.
True
False

true

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45% of Human DNA is made up of ___________DNA that is actively mobile. a. interferons b. exons c. operons d. transposons

transposons

T/ F Neither DNA nor amino acids will polymerize (form long chains) without modern enzymes. a. TRUE b. FALSE

true

Obligate anaerobes can survive in an oxygen atmosphere. True False

false

Methanogens live in anaerobic environments rich in organic mater. True False

true

Gramm staining is a differential procedure. True False

true

Which of the following is a common cause of food poisoning? a. Helicobacter pylori b. Rickettsia typhi c. Clostridium botulinum d. Staphylococcus aureus e. Mycobacterium

clostridium botulinum

Miller’s experiment showed that you can build a variety of amino acids and nucleoside-like small molecules from reduced gas True False

true

During which phase of infection do viral proteins assemble? A. attachment B. penetration C. reverse transcription D. integration E. maturation

maturation

During which phase of infection does viral tail sheath inject DNA or RNA? A. attachment B. penetration C. reverse transcription D. integration E. maturation

pentration

T/F Retroviruses like HIV use DNA as their primary genetic material.

false

T/F HIV viruses are covered by a membrane envelope.

true

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic _________ and lymphatic _________. A. cells; proteins B. vessels; organs C. bones; cells D. genes; fluids

b. vessels and organs

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? A. defend the body against dehydration B. take up excess fluid and return it to the bloodstream C. circulate oxygenated blood D. absorb sugars at the stomach

b. takes up excess fluid and return it to the bloodstream

Which of the following is true of the compliment system? A. Activated by debris from dead cells B. Activated by antibodies bonded to antigens C. Produces porins D. All of the above are true

d. all of the above are true

T/ F (A/B) Tonsils and adenoids are masses of lymph nodes.

false

Which of the following is NOT a part of the physical barriers of the immune system? A. Skin B. Mucous C. Cilia D. Stomach acid

D. stomach acid

The vagina is protected from infection by which of the following? A. A basic pH B. An acidic pH C. A neutral pH D. Cilia E. None of the above

B. An acidic pH

Which of the following removes damaged red blood cells? A. White pulp in the spleen B. Red pulp in the spleen C. Thymus D. Natural killer cells

B. red pulp in the spleen

A protein which causes an immune response is called A. An antibody B. An antigen C. An antibiotic D. An anti- Em

B. An antigen

Which type of cells produce antibodies? A. Cytotoxic T-cells B. Helper T-cells C. Macrophages D. Antibodies E. B-cells

E. B-cells

Which is true of histamine? A. Causes swelling B. Produced by T-cells cells C. Decreases permeability (leakiness) of tissue D. Contains random receptor sites

A. causes swelling

Antigens are presented to helper T-cells (looky-looky) by A. Cytotoxic T-cells B. Helper T-cells C. Macrophages D. Mast cells

C. Macrophages

Which function does an antibody perform? A. Coats the antigen B. Cross-links the antigen to cause clumping C. “Tags” the antigen for macrophages to kill D. Activates the compliment system when bound E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Leukocytes identify tissue as “self” or “not self” by recognizing the A. Antibodies B. Major Histocompatibility Complex C. Macrophages D. Porins

B. Major Histocompatibility Complex

Which cells pass toxic vesicles (“kiss of death”) to infected cells? A. T-helper cells B. Cytotoxic T-cells C. B-cells D. Macrophages

b. cytotoxic T-cells

The HIV virus recognizes and attacks A. Macrophages B. T-cells C. B-cells D. Mast cells

B-cells

T/ F (A/B) If your blood is type O, you will have anti-A antibodies in your system.

true

T/ F (A/B) The lymphatic system is closely associated with the cardiovascular system.

true

Which type of cells mature to be macrophage cells? A. Neutraphils B. T-cells C. Monocytes D. Eosinophiles

C. Monocytes

T/ F (A/B) Bone marrow contains blood stem cells.

true

t/f T-cells are part of the non specific immune system

false

Which historical geologic theory explained the fossil record by a series of catastrophic floods? A. Noahism B. Volcanism C. Neptunism D. Darwinism

C. Neptunism

T/ F (A/B) In Earth’s primitive stages, many scientists thought that it had a reducing atmosphere, rather than an oxidizing atmosphere.

true

T/ F (A/B) Neither DNA nor amino acids will polymerize without modern enzymes.

true

Which of the following was a reason that Darwin backed away from his original theory of evolution by natural selection? A. Progressive evolution B. Lack of intermediate species C. Blended inheritance D. Endosymbiotic theory

C. blended inheritance

Lamarckian evolution proposed that A. Body parts that get used more become more developed B. These evolved parts are inherited by offspring C. Both A and B D. None of the above

c. both A and B

Which of the following conditions must be met for a new species to form? A. Populations separate, possibly because of a geographic barrier. B. Populations evolve, or change. C. If the populations re-join, they can no longer mate. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

T/ F (A/B) According to the continental drift theory, similar fossils may be found on continents that seem unrelated now, like Africa and South America.

true

T/ F (A/B) Most organisms produce fossils when they die.

false

T/ F (A/B) The further down you go (deeper) in the geological strata, the more evolved the fossils become.

false

Which of the following would be considered homologous? A. Feet and toes B. Toes and fingers C. Arms and wings D. Head and shoulders, knees and toes.

c. arms and wings

45% of Human DNA is made up of __________ – DNA that is actively mobile. A. interferons B. transposons C. exons D. operons

B. transposons

Thomas Hunt Morgan’s contribution to evolutionary theory was to show that mutant variants could be created chemically in A. Finches B. Elephants C. Fruit flies D. Kangaroos

C. fruit flies

Natural selection requires A. variation B. inheritance C. differential adaptedness D. differential reproduction E. All of the above

E. All of the above

The discipline of microbiology is defined by… A. organisms too small to be clearly seen by the unaided eye. B. the techniques it uses. C. Both A and B D. None of the above

C. both A and B

Which is NOT true of microorganisms? A. Source of nutrients B. Some carry out photosynthesis C. Aid in digestion D. Aid in production of vitamins E. All of the above are true.

E. All of the above are true

T/F Methanogens belong to the domain Bacteria.

false its an archaea

T/F Gram staining is the most widely used differential staining procedure.

true

Which of the following do bacteria ALWAYS have? A. Cell wall B. Capsule C. Chromosome D. Fimbriae

C. Chromosome

T/ F (A/B) The slimy coating on many bacteria is called a capsule.

true

A bacterium which is an obligate anaerobe A. can live in oxygen. B. cannot live in oxygen. C. may or may not live in oxygen. D. All of the above.

b. cannot live in oxygen

Which of the following is NOT a method of reproduction in bacteria? A. Binary fission B. Conjugation C. Endospore formation D. All of the above are methods

C. Endospore formation

A bacterium which is a facultative aerobe A. must live in oxygen. B. cannot live in oxygen. C. may or may not live in oxygen. D. All of the above.

C. may or may not live in oxygen

Biology #3 Flashcards

(77 cards)