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DAT 2017 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Transcription occurs in the…

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Translation occurs in the…

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Golgi apparatus or golgi complex deals with what function?

A

Package, sort, and secreting proteins (most importantly…hormones)

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4
Q

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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5
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the…

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

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6
Q

Where does ETC pump protons?

A

Intermembrane space

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7
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cell cytoplasm

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8
Q

Dumb King Phillip Calls Oprah For Good Sex

A 
Domain 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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9
Q

Strep

A

Bacterial growth in chains

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10
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical

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11
Q

Staph

A

Growth in clusters

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12
Q

Bacillus

A

Growth in rod like structures

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13
Q

Spirilla

A

Growth in spirals

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14
Q

Epiglottis function

A

Closes trachea when swallowing

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15
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

FLAT + Prolactin + HGH

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

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16
Q

Posterior Pituitary hormones

A

ADH (Vasopressin) + oxytocin

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17
Q

Connective tissues

A

Bones, blood, adipose or fat, and cartilage

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18
Q

Calcitonin stimulates…

A

Osteoblast activity

  • wants to lower blood calcium, therefore stimulates bone build up
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19
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Conserves heat and acts as shock absorber

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20
Q

Ectoderm develops

A

Epidermis (outer layer) of skin, hair, nails, nervous system, lens of eye, enamel of teeth

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21
Q

Mesoderm develops

A

Dermis of skin, muscle, skeleton, circulatory system, gonads, kidneys, respiratory tracts, notochord

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22
Q

Endoderm develops

A

Lining of digestive and layer of respiratory tracts, liver, pancreas

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23
Q

Blastula

A

Hollow sphere of cells

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24
Q

Morula

A

Solid ball of cells

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25
Gastrula
3 layered blastula
26
Translocation occurs during which phase of translation?
Elongation
27
Pleitropy
One gene has multiple phenotypic outcomes (Ex. Sickle Cell disease)
28
A bacteria cell is _______ to the surrounding water
Hyperosmotic Resulting in a lyses when cell wall is broken down
29
Products of light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
O2, NADPH, and ATP
30
Products of light independent rxns of photosynthesis
Glucose (C6H12O6), NADP+, ADP
31
Tight junctions
Most commonly in digestive sys. - prevent passage of materials
32
Desmosomes
Anchoring junction that provide mech. stability. Often seen in animal skin cells
33
Gap junctions
Narrow protein channels between animal cells (allow exchange of ions, but no cytoplasm) Used in cell to cell communication
34
Plasmodesmata
Narrow protein channels between plant cells
35
Lysosomes
Break down polypeptides into amino acids Digest material in the cell
36
Evolution of fish (earliest -> latest)
Jawless fish - cartilaginous fish - lobe finned fish
37
Pistil
Ovary, style, stamen (female reproductive)
38
Stamen
Pollen, anther, filament (male reproductive)
39
Lacteals
Absorb fat in villi of small intestine
40
Bile
Emulsify fats in small intestine
41
Diastole phase is associated with...
Closing of semilunar valves
42
Cholecystokinin is released due to presence of...
Fats
43
Placenta = ...
Chorion and endometrium | Used for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste
44
Ligand
Reanneals DNA strands
45
Helicase
Unzips DNA at replication fork
46
Primase
RNA primers that duplicate lagging strand for extension of DNA creates Okazaki fragments
47
Hardy Weinberg requirements
"Large Random MNM" ``` Large pop Random mating No migration No natural selection No mutation ```
48
Freshwater fish
Live in hypoosmotic environment Intakes lots of water Seldomly drinks Dilute urine
49
Saltwater fish
Hyperosmotic environment Constant drinking Excrete salt across gills
50
Microfilaments are made of
Actin
51
Purpose of AV node
Prevents atria and ventricles from contracting at the same time
52
Blood pressure is lowest in the...
Veins
53
A promoter region contains...
High conserved sequence called the TATA box
54
What is the cortical reaction
Slow block of polyspermy after sperm fuses with egg
55
Mendels law of segregation
A pair of alleles will separate to individual gametes
56
Acetylation
Increased expression of gene
57
Methylation
Decreases expression of gene
58
Acrosome
Enzyme that facilitates penetration of sperm into egg (animal cell)
59
Cortical reaction
Hardens the plasma membrane to prevent further sperm penetration (slow block I believe)
60
Epididymis
Final maturation and storage for sperm
61
Alpha cells
Secrete glucagon; which target the liver to release glucose from glycogen
62
Beta cells
Secrete insulin; released when blood glucose is high and uptakes and converts glucose to glycogen stored in liver
63
Porifera
Sponges
64
Rotifera
Rotifers
65
Cnidaria
Hydrozoans, jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals
66
Annelida
Segmented worms (leeches, earthworms, polychaete worms)
67
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms (planarians and tapeworms)
68
Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are...
Antigen receptors attached to B cells
69
B cells...
Lymphocytes that Mature and originate in bone marrow
70
T cells...
Lymphocytes that originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus
71
In muscle movement, which muscle group produces most of the force required to move?
Agonist
72
Muscle group that prevents excessive movement and injury
Antagonist
73
Altruism
Non selfish behavior in animals
74
Calvin cycle takes place in the...
Stroma
75
Which organelle carries out lipid synthesis?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
76
Homologous chromosomes are also called...
Autosomes
77
What is it called when cells divide roughly 70 times before they die?
Senescence
78
Progenitor cells are...
Unipotent...give rise to a single type of body cell
79
Prokaryotic cells
- No nucleus | - Single chromosome of short, circular DNA
80
Topoisomerase...
Enzyme that untangles and prevent tangling when helicase unwinds DNA
81
Epinephrine and norepinephrine is produced mainly by...
Adrenal medulla
82
Adrenal cortex produces...
Corticosteroids = glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
83
Ligaments...
Connect bone to bone
84
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
85
Test cross
Homozygous dominant x homozygous recessive
86
Which hormone is responsible for fruit ripening?
Ethylene
87
Analogous structures
Structures perform same function but different ancestral origin
88
Homologous structures
Similar structures that may or may not perform same function, but come from a common ancestor
89
Classical conditioning
Conditioning of an involuntary behavior Physiologically neutral stimulus is conditioned to elicit a natural reflex
90
Operant conditioning
Animal associated it's behavior with reward or punishment
91
Fungus suffix
Mycota or mycete Also lichen!

DAT 2017 (4 decks)

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