Biology AP Unit 4 #1-33

Question 1

Light Microscope (LM)-

Answer 1

An optical instrument with lenses that refract visible light to magnify images of specimens

Question 2

Organelles-

Answer 2

Any of several kinds of membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells

Question 3

Electron Microscope-

Answer 3

A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen

Question 4

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)-

Answer 4

A microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections stained with metal atoms used to study internal ultra structure of cells

Question 5

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-

Answer 5

A microscope that uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a sample, coated with metal atoms, to study details of its topography

Question 6

Cell Fractionation-

Answer 6

The disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation at successively higher speeds

Question 7

Cytosol-

Answer 7

The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 8

Eukaryotic Cell-

Answer 8

Cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 9

Prokaryotic Cell-

Answer 9

Cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 10

Nucleoid-

Answer 10

A non-membrane-enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosomes is located

Question 11

Cytoplasm-

Answer 11

Content of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus

Question 12

Plasma Memebrane-

Answer 12

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cells chemical composition

Question 13

Nucleus-

Answer 13

An atoms central core containing protons and neutrons contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes

Question 14

Nuclear Envelope-

Answer 14

In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus perforated with pores that regulate traffic with cytoplasm.

Question 15

Nuclear Lamina-

Answer 15

A netlike array of protein filaments that lines the inner surface of the nuclear envelope helping maintain the shape of the nucleus

Question 16

Chromosomes-

Answer 16

A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules.

Question 17

Chromatin-

Answer 17

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

Question 18

Nucleolus-

Answer 18

A specialized structure in the nucleus consisting ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported form the cytoplasm

Question 19

Ribosomes-

Answer 19

A complex rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Question 20

Endomembrane System-

Answer 20

The collection of membranes inside the surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through dircet physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles

Question 21

Vesicles-

Answer 21

A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Question 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum-

Answer 22

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded and ribosome-free regions

Question 23

Smooth ER-

Answer 23

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes

Question 24

Rough ER-

Answer 24

That portion of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached

Question 25

Glycoproteins-

Answer 25

A protein with one or more convalently attached carbohydrates

Question 26

Transport Vesiclces-

Answer 26

Small membranous sac in the eukaryotic cells cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell

Question 27

Golgi Apparatus-

Answer 27

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sac that modify, store and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products like carbohydrates

Question 28

Lysosomes-

Answer 28

A sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in teh cytoplams of animal cells and some protists

Question 29

Phagocytosis-

Answer 29

A endocytosis where large particulate substances or small organism are taken up by a cell and carried out by some protists

Question 30

Vacuoles-

Answer 30

Membrane bounded vesicles whose specialized funciton varies in different kinds of cells

Question 31

Food Vacuoles-

Answer 31

A membrane sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganism or particles to be used as food by the cell

Question 32

Contractile Vacuoles-

Answer 32

A membrane sac that helps move excesses water out of certain freshwater protists

Question 33

Central Vacuole-

Answer 33

In a mature plant cell a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth storage and sequestration of toxic substances