Biology - B1

Question 1

What increases blood pressure?

Answer 1

• smoking
• a high alcohol intake
• a diet rich in saturated fats
• salt

Question 2

What can high blood pressure do?

Answer 2

• it can damage the brain and also the kidneys

Question 3

What is the definition of being fit and healthy?

Answer 3

• fit: the ability to do exercise

- healthy: being free from disease

Question 4

What can the EAR be used to calculate?

Answer 4

• your protein requirements

Question 5

What can your protein requirements depend on?

Answer 5

• age
• pregnancy
• lactation

Question 6

What can the BMI be used to do?

Answer 6

• to indicate being over or under weight

Question 7

What will a balanced diet vary according to?

Answer 7

• age
• gender
• activity
• religion
• personal choice

Question 8

What can reduce the risk in cancer?

Answer 8

• positive changes to your lifestyle

Question 9

What is a mosquito and what does it carry?

Answer 9

• it is a vector

- it carries malaria

Question 10

What is plasmodium?

Answer 10

• it is the pathogen that causes malaria

- it is a parasite and humans are its host

Question 11

What does immunisation do?

Answer 11

• it protects against certain diseases by using harmless pathogens

Question 12

What are drugs classified as? Order from most harmful

Answer 12

• class a
• class b
• class c

Question 13

What do depressant and stimulant drugs affect?

Answer 13

• the nervous system by affecting the transmission across synapses

Question 14

What can high levels of alcohol cause?

Answer 14

• cirrhosis of the liver

Question 15

What is homeostasis?

Answer 15

• it is maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 16

What are the two readings of blood pressure and what are they measured in?

Answer 16

• diastolic pressure
• systolic pressure
• mmHg

Question 17

What do automatic systems in the body do?

Answer 17

• they keep water, temperature and carbon dioxide levels constant

Question 18

What does the hormone insulin do?

Answer 18

• it controls blood sugar levels and it converts excess blood glucose into glucogen

Question 19

What do vasodilation and vasoconstriction do?

Answer 19

• they control heat transfer from the body

Question 20

What are auxins a group of and why do they cause?

Answer 20

• they are a group of plant hormones

- they cause shoot curvature by cell elongation

Question 21

What is phototropism and geotropism?

Answer 21

• phototropism: response to light

- geotropism: response to gravity

Question 22

What are auxins involved in?

Answer 22

• both phototropism and geotropism

Question 23

What are some commercial uses plant hormones have?

Answer 23

• selective weedkiller
• rooting powder
• control or fruit ripening

Question 24

In which part of the eyes are light rays refracted?

Answer 24

• in the conea of the lens

Question 25

How does the eye accommodate?

Answer 25

- by altering the shape of the lens

Question 26

Which has a wider field view but poorer judement? Binocular or monocular vision?

Answer 26

- monocular vision

Question 27

Where does the nerve impulse travel?

Answer 27

- it travels along the axon of a neurone

Question 28

What does a neurotransmitter do and why?

Answer 28

- it diffuses across a synapse | - so the nerve impulse can pass to the next neurone

Question 29

What does a spinal reflex involve?

Answer 29

- a receptor, sensory, relay, motor neurones and an effective

Question 30

What are alleles?

Answer 30

- different versions of the same genes

Question 31

How is sex determined by?

Answer 31

- sex chromosomes

Question 32

What are the chromosomes in male and female (egg and sperm)?

Answer 32

- female: XX | - male: XY

Question 33

How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell?

Answer 33

-23 pairs

Question 34

How are inherited disorders caused?

Answer 34

- by faulty alleles

Question 35

When are dominant and recessive alleles expressed?

Answer 35

- dominant: expressed if present | - recessive: expressed in the absence of a dominant allele

Question 36

What is the difference between being homozygous and heterozygous?

Answer 36

- homozygous: having two identical alleles | - heterozygous: having two different alleles

Question 37

Are most fault alleles dominant or recessive?

Answer 37

- recessive