Biology ( Biodiversity )

Question 1

.What is a biodoversity ?

Answer 1

Biodiversity is a variety of living organism in an area.
The larger number of different species in an area the higher the biodiversity.

Question 2

What is an species ?

Answer 2

Species is the group of same organism that can reproduce a fertile offspring.

Question 3

What is habitat ?

Answer 3

Habitat is an area where a species lives, they includes,
physical (abiotic) factors like - soil pH, temperature
living (biotic) factors like- presence of predators and prey.

Question 4

What is a habitat diversity ?

Answer 4

The number of different habitat in an area.

Question 5

What is a species diversity ?

Answer 5

The number of different species ( species richness ) and the abundance of each species ( Species evenness ) in an area.

Question 6

What is a genetic diversity ?

Answer 6

The variety of different alleles within a species.

Question 7

How do we carry out technique to measure biodiversity ?

Answer 7

• we can measure the biodiversity, via sampling.
• First, take a small sample from the habitat to be studied.
  -Then count the number of individual in each species.
• Repeat the process, allow to give better indication of the whole habitat.
• Use the number of the result to estimate the total number of different species in the habitat.
• when sampling different habitat for comparison, we must remember to use the same sampling technique.

Question 8

what type of sampling technique is used to collect sample of small crawling insects ?

Answer 8

Pitfall trap- the insects are fall into the pit which they can’t escape/get out of.
pooter - the device that allows you to suck insects safely into a jar.

Question 9

What type of sampling is used to collect sample of organisms live in soil or leaf litters?

Answer 9

Tullgen funnel - this is when the mesh cloth is put onto the tunnel and light is shown on top of it, the organisms are move away from the light die to heat and fall down the tunnel and fall into the jar.

Question 10

What type of sampling is used to collect sample of organisms that live in aquatic enviroment ?

Answer 10

Kick sampling- This is when you kick the river/lake bed and catch the organisms that are distrubed.

Question 11

What type of sampling that is used to collect organisms in long grass ?

Answer 11

Sweep net - The long net with a pole to catch insects like betterflies.

Question 12

How do we measure random sampling and why ?

Answer 12

This is to avoid biased. We can draw an axis on the sample ground and use coordinate from random coordinate genarator.

Question 13

Why is non random sampling also important ?

Answer 13

When there are alot of variety in the distribution of species in a habitat, we make sure all the area are sampled.

Question 14

What are the three type of non-random sampling ?

Answer 14

• systematic - this is when you sample in a fixed interval, for example placing quadrant along a transect line and collecting sample.
• opportunistic- this is when the collection area is chosen by the investigator.
• stratified - When different area in the habitat is collected separately and then compare with the proportional as a whole with the total habitat.

Question 15

What is species Richness ?

Answer 15

The number of different species living in an area. We can say there is a high species richness if the number of different species is present in an area.

Question 16

What is species evenness ?

Answer 16

The number of relative abundance of each species in a habitat. The more similar each number of species are, the greater the species evenness is.

Question 17

What is simpson index ?

Answer 17

The finding of biodiversity.
it is usually between 0 and 1, the closer the number is to 1 the more diverse the habitat is.

Question 18

How does human population affect the biodiversity ?

Answer 18

Human population can cause;
(1) Habitat loss of organisms
(2) Over exploitation of animals
(3) Urbanisation
(4) Pollution

Question 19

How does the increase in the use of monoculture in agriculture affect the biodiversity ?

Answer 19

• This is when the use of monoculture increase and single crops are grown, therefore it lowers the species richness in an area.
• Increasing monoculture also make habitat lost as the land are being cleared.
• Natural occuring plants and animals are seen as weeds or pests.
• Heritage diversities are also lost because more genetic engineering are happening and they do not make enough money.

Question 20

How are climate changes effecting the biodiversity ?

Answer 20

Climate are changing due to global warming cause by human.
-Same organisms needs certain climate condition to survive

Question 21

What is the range change ?

Answer 21

Range change is when animals move from one place to another. ( Similiar to migrate )

Question 22

Why does migration cause distrubation in biodiversity ?

Answer 22

This is because there is a change in species distribution and usually causes decrease in biodiversity.

Question 23

What happens if the species can’t migrate ?

Answer 23

For example if the plant can’t migrate they will go extinct.

Question 24

Why are maintaining biodiversity important ?

Answer 24

(1) to protect keystone species
(2) To maintain genetic resources
(3) To reduce soil Depletion

Question 25

What is the keystone species ?

Answer 25

Keystone species is the main species that a lot of organisms in an ecosystem depend on. Without it the ecosystem will change dramatically.

Question 26

Why is protecting species important for maintaining biodiversity ?

Answer 26

A lot of organisms in an ecosystem are interdepend on each other, without one the other organisms will have hard time surviving.

Question 27

Why is maintaining a genetic resource important ?

Answer 27

This is important because, we need genetic variety for our economy. We need them to make, - food and drinks - drugs/medicine - paper - fuel - other industruial goods. they also help orgainsms survive in different conditions that they are not used to, for example some plants will have mutant genes that will be able to withstand drought. We can take those genes and genetically enginner to modifies their genes to something they can widthstand.

Question 28

What is the bad side of continuous monoculture ?

Answer 28

Continuous monoculture can cause soil depletion, this is because a single crop is grown again and again on the same soil. This may cause decrease in soil nutrients and we will have to use fertilisers which cost so much more money.

Question 29

What is genetic resources ?

Answer 29

Any type of organisms that have genes that we find valuable.

Question 30

What is in situ conversation ?

Answer 30

In situ conservation is the conservation of species in their natural habitat. This is important to ensure the survival of endanger species.

Question 31

what are the methods in In situ conservation ?

Answer 31

- Estiblishing protected area for organisms. - Controlling the introduction of dangerous species to the area. -protecting habitats - promoting particular species - taking legal protections

Question 32

What is the advantage of in situ conservation?

Answer 32

- they conserve both the species and their habitat. - Better that ex situ conservation. - larger population of organsisms are being protects. - They can stay ij their own habitat instead of removing them from their habitat.

Question 33

What is the disadvantage of in situ conservation?

Answer 33

- they cannot help prevent poaching, predators and other natural noccuring disesases. - They are hard to control.

Question 34

What is es situ conservation ?

Answer 34

They are off site conservations, this mean they were taken from their local habitat and place in a different habitat. ( This is oftern a final resort)

Question 35

What are the methods of ex situ conservation ?

Answer 35

(1) Relocating differnet species to a safer habitat (2) breading organisms in capitativity and reintroducing them to the wild when they are strong enough. (3) Seedbanks (4) botanic garden - they keep endager plant species in a controlled enviroments and display them for education, research purpose.

Question 36

What is the advantage of ex situ conservation ?

Answer 36

- It can protect animals/ living orgainsms in a controlled enviroments. It can also be used to reintroduce species that has already left the area.

Question 37

What is the disadvantage of ex situ conservation ?

Answer 37

- Organisms cant adapt to their new enviroments. - They cant breed in captivity. - Only a small number of orgaisms can be kept. - This is usually very expensive and less secessful.