Biology ( Hormones ) Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the hormones produce by the pituitary gland ?
- Growth Hormone
- ADH = which control water potential in the body.
- ganadotrophins = development of ovary and testis.
Pineal gland ?
- melatonin - regulation of cycle and reproductive system.
Adrenal gland ?
- Adrenaline - regulate flight or flight response
testis ?
- testosterone - secondary male reproductive system
ovary ?
-oestrogen - control ovulation and secondary female characteristic.
- progestrone - avoid miscarrige and prepare the lining of the ovary for uterus.
pancreas?
- insulin - lower the blood suagr
-glucagon - increase the blood sugar.
Thyroid ?
-thyroxine - regulate the metabolism
thymus ?
-Thymosin -regulate the development of white blood cells.
What is an exocrine gland ?
The gland that secrete hormones via duct.
What is an endocrine gland ?
The gland that secrete hormone directly into the bloodstream.
What are steriod hormones ?
They are hormones that are lipid soluble so they passed directly into lipid part of the cell membrane and bind to the receptors in the cytoplasm of the cells or the nucleus. This type of hormones are usually a inhibiter that inhibit transcription of certain genes.
For example- oestrogen
What is the non- steriod hormones ?
These type of hormones are hydrophilic so they cannot travel across the cell membrane so they can only bin to the receptors outside the cells. This will form series of reaction by the secondary chemical messenger.
example - adrenaline
Hormone system Vs neuronal communication system
Hormonal system are by chemicals called hormones and neuronal system is by electrical impulses.
Neuronal system is fast, hormonal system take longer.
Neuronal system effect last only short and temporay while the hormone reaction last longer.
What are the hormones found in the cortex of adrenal gland ?
- cortisol and aldosterone
( essential hormones )
( cortex is the outer region of the adrenal gland )
What are the hormones that can be found in the medulla
-adrenaline ( non esssential )
- medulla is in the inner part of the adrenal gland.
what are the three main type of hormones release in the adrenal glands?
- Glucocorticoids
- Mineralcorticoids
- Androgens
What is a predigree animal ?
A predigree animal is an animal that is born from the parents of same species
What will happens if the population has low genetic biodiversity ?
If the population has low genetic biodiversity, they will be likely to go extinct, due to them not being able to adapt to the changes in the enviroment.
what is the formula of polymorphic gene ?
Number of polymorphic gene loci / number of total loci.
What are the factors that effect the global biodiversity ?
- Human population Growth
- Increase usage of monoculture in Agriculture
- climate changes
Tell me what is pancreas ?
- Pancreas is made up of both exocrine and endocrine glands.
What are the exocrine glands in pancreas called and what did they do ?
- The exocrine glands are called pancreas acinar cells.
- They secrete digestive enzyme and also that can neutralise the acidic condition. from stomach.
What are endocrine gland of the pancreas called ?
They are called islets of langerhans, which has 2 type of cells alpha ( secrete glucagon) and beta cells ( secrete insulin).
What happens after we eat a high carbohydrate meal ?
- When we first eat a high carbohydrate meal we will notice that there is a high concentration of glucose in our blood.
- Then the beta cells will release insulin to the blood.
- Almost every cells has an insulin receptor in their cell membrane, except red blood cells.
- They will bind and open the glucose channel on the cell membrane and allow glucose to enter the cells.
- They will also perform glycogenesis, which is the conversion of glucose into glycogen.
