Biology - Body Functions Key Words

Question 1

Types of contraception

Answer 1

Pill - Prevents Ovulation
Condom
Implant
Patch
Infertile Woman

Question 2

Vasectomy

Answer 2

Where a male has an operation which stops the flow of semen

Question 3

Ovulation

Answer 3

Release of the egg from Ovaries

Question 4

Infertility

Answer 4

Where a woman cannot conceive despite having regular, unprotected sex.

Question 5

Gamete

Answer 5

A sex cell (sperm, egg)

Question 6

Haploid

Answer 6

Half a set of Chromosomes

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

Full set of Chromosomes

Question 8

What are the two types of Reproduction?

Answer 8

Sexual reproduction (leads to variation)
Asexual reproduction (leads to clones)

Question 9

ADH

Answer 9

Anti-Diuretic Hormone. Affects amount of water reabsorbed therefore the amount of urine produced by the kidneys

Question 10

Adrenaline

Answer 10

A hormone which prepares your body for fight or flight

Question 11

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 11

The part of the nervous system where information is processed, made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Contreception

Answer 12

A method to prevent pregnancy (barrier or hormonal)

Question 13

Diabetes

Answer 13

Disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impared

Question 14

Effectors

Answer 14

Muscles or glands that bring out a response in the body

Question 15

Endocrine system

Answer 15

Glands that produce hormones that control many aspects of the developments and metabolism of the body

Question 16

FSH

Answer 16

Follicle Stimulating Hormone. Produced by the Pituitary Gland, causes an egg to mature in the ovary

Question 17

Gland

Answer 17

An organ that secretes hormones

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

Hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels - causes glucose to be released into the blood

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

The regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions for function

Question 20

Hormone

Answer 20

Chemicals produced in the glands that are carried in the blood to have an effect on another part of the body

Question 21

Infertility

Answer 21

Inability to concieve

Question 22

Insulin

Answer 22

A hormone that controls blood sugar levels, causes glucose to be taken up by cells

Question 23

Intermediate Neurones

Answer 23

In the brain and spinal cord, cells pass signals from sensory neurones to motor neurones

Question 24

IVF

Answer 24

In vitro Fertilisation. Egg cell is fertilised by sperm cell in a test tube

Question 25

LH

Answer 25

Luteinising hormone. Produced by pituitary gland, causes ovulation

Question 26

Menstrual cycle

Answer 26

The monthly cycle of ovulation and menstruation in females

Question 27

Motor neurones

Answer 27

Cells in the nervous system that passes signals from the CNS to an effector

Question 28

Negative feedback

Answer 28

A reaction that causes a decrease in function to stabilise conditions

Question 29

Nerves

Answer 29

Bundles of many neurones

Question 30

Nervous System

Answer 30

The brain, spinal cord and network of neurones which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body

Question 31

Neurones

Answer 31

Cells in the nervous system that carry electrical impulses around the body

Question 32

Oestrogen

Answer 32

Female hormones produced by the ovary that controls the development of sexual characteristics at puberty and the thickening of the uterus lining at menstruation

Question 32

Oestrogen

Answer 32

Female hormones produced by the ovary that controls the development of sexual characteristics at puberty and the thickening of the uterus lining at menstruation

Question 33

Pituitary gland

Answer 33

The main endocrine gland , found in the brain which secrets a number of hormones to control other glands in the body

Question 34

Ovulation

Answer 34

The release of a mature egg from the ovary

Question 35

Progesterone

Answer 35

Female hormone produced by the ovaries that maintain the lining of the uterus following ovulation

Question 36

Receptors

Answer 36

Cells that detect stimuli

Question 37

Reflex

Answer 37

A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, that does not involve the conscious brain

Question 38

Response

Answer 38

The reaction of the body to a stimulus

Question 39

Stimulus

Answer 39

a change in the internal or external environment that is detected by a receptor

Question 40

Synapse

Answer 40

A gap between two neurones, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion or a neurotransmitter

Question 41

Thyroxin

Answer 41

A hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism

Question 42

Testosterone

Answer 42

Male hormones produced by the testes the controls the development of sexual characteristics at puberty and the production of sperm