Cold War

Question 1

communism

Answer 1

the Russian ideology where they share wealth and the state owns everything

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

America’s ideology. Democratic. People can vote for the government and private ownership lest people make money

Question 3

soviet Union

Answer 3

The USSR

Question 4

Marshall Plan

Answer 4

The European part of the Truman Doctrine - $13 billion to Europe to keep communism away.

Question 5

Truman Doctrine

Answer 5

Truman’s Doctrine of “containment” stopping communism from spreading by military, economic and other means

Question 6

Treaty Of Friendship

Answer 6

The agreement between China and the USSR - in 1949 that shared resources and promised support for each other to remain communist

Question 7

Two key differences between a capitalist and a communist

Answer 7

1. Communist - everything is owned by the state, capitalist, things are owned by the people
2. Wealth distribution - capitalist, people earn their living, money, property, material objects etc

Question 8

3 leaders that attended the Yalta conference

Answer 8

1. Roosevelt
2. Churchill
3. Stalin

Question 9

two key decisions made in Yalta

Answer 9

the splitting up of Germany
that Berlin would also be divided

Question 10

3 leaders who attended Potsdam

Answer 10

1. Truman
2. Attlee
3. Stalin

Question 11

Two Japanese cities that were bombed in 1945

Answer 11

1. Nagasaki
2. Hiroshima

Question 12

March 1946, how did Churchill describe the division between the East and West?

Answer 12

in a speech, he labelled the division as an “iron curtain”. Emphasising that the division was an unbreakable barrier

Question 13

3 countries that were soviet satellite states by 1948

Answer 13

Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

Question 14

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 14

A policy of containment conducted by President Harry Truman - To try and keep communism from spreading to other countries

Question 15

What was the Marshall Plan and Marshall aid? What did Stalin accuse the Americans of doing?

Answer 15

The Marshall Plan was a policy made by George marshall where the Americans would help European countries by giving them money, artillery etc. (This was called Marshall aid.) Stalin accused the Americans of trying to steal back once capital countries

Question 16

Cominform is short for

Answer 16

Communist Information Bureau

Question 17

3 countries involved in Comecon

Answer 17

Russia
Bulgaria
Hungary

Question 18

Why did the allies have to airlift supplies to West Berlin in June 1945

Answer 18

Because the Soviets blocked all other ways of transport, e.g railway, canal

Question 19

Two results of the Berlin blockade

Answer 19

1. West and East Germany was established
2. NATO was formed

Question 20

What was the purpose of the formation of NATO

Answer 20

the purpose of the formation of NATO was so the North Atlantic countries could share security

Question 21

Why did the American get involved in the Korean war, name 2 policies

Answer 21

The Americans got involved in the Korean war because they wanted to prevent the spread of communism
1. containment
2. domino theory

Question 22

Name of General that led Un forces to Korea

Answer 22

MacArthur

Question 23

Name of dividing line between north and south Korea

Answer 23

38th Parallel

Question 24

3 features of de-Stalinisation

Answer 24

1. Returning stalinised names to original e.g Stalingrad to Petrograd
2. The freedom of the press
3. Stalin statues were taken down

Question 25

How did Khrushchev's policy change relationships between the East and West (name policy)

Answer 25

Detente - cooled relationships down due to the theory of MAD, scared that there would be nuclear warfare

Question 26

ICBM missiles

Answer 26

Intercontinental ballistic missiles - long-range missiles that could be fired from land

Question 27

(in 1955) West Germany was admitted to NATO, what was the reaction of the Eastern powers to this, and which countries joined this new organisation

Answer 27

They created the Warsaw pact, the countries that belonged to this were, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary

Question 28

What marked the beginning of the space race

Answer 28

the launch of Sputnik

Question 29

What action did Russia take on Nagy when he wanted to leave the Warsaw pact

Answer 29

They captured him, and executed him for treason

Question 30

What were the main features of a U2 plane, why was it a benefit to the west during the cold war

Answer 30

The U2 plane had a camera on it, this was useful during the cold war because it meant the countries could spy on each other

Question 31

Why did the U2 affect friendly talks between the east and west?

Answer 31

Although they kept negotiating, they kept spying on each other, which meant trust couldn't be made

Question 32

Who outed Batista from Cuba

Answer 32

Fidel Castro

Question 33

3 results of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 33

Soviet missiles were removed from Cuba The USA ended the quarantine Cuba remained communist

Question 34

2 results of the Czechoslovakia uprising

Answer 34

end of one-party rule they had freedom and less censorship

Question 35

Guerrilla warfare

Answer 35

Tactics the Vietcong used. Warfare based on surprise attacks. Used by smaller armies when facing stronger opposition

Question 36

Truman Doctrine

Answer 36

Truman's Doctrine of "containment", stopping communism spreading by military, economic and other means

Question 37

Iron curtain

Answer 37

Churchill's phrase to show Europe divided between East and west - communism and capitalism.

Question 38

Marshall plan

Answer 38

June 1947, luaunched by George Marshall. USA thought poorer countries were more likely to become communist $13bn went to European countries, also helped them rebuild if they were capitalist Stalin stopped Eastern countries joining by creating Comecon as an alternative

Question 39

NATO

Answer 39

Military alliance North Atlantic treaty organisation USA, Canada, and western Europe to help West vs Russia. Joined forces and agreed to protect each other. Nuclear weapons were held by Britain, USA and France

Question 40

Warsaw pact

Answer 40

Set up by Ussr, in response to NATO, which Stalin saw as aggressive containing all communist Eastern European nations. Ussr were the only country to hold nuclear weapons

Question 41

Arms race

Answer 41

Ussr tested first atomic bomb in 1949 USA built a hydrogen bomb in 1952, Ussr then built their own. By 1960, both USA and Ussr's military budgets were high. Both sides were MAD so neither fired weapons.

Question 42

Space race

Answer 42

Started with launch of sputnik in 1957 - USSR Satellite Then Laika was sent to space by USSR 1961 - Yuri Gaharin, first man in space, USA not far behind JFK announces that they will land on the moon by end of decade - 1961 1969 - moon landing (USA) 1975 - joint space mission between USA and Ussr

Question 43

U2 crisis and Paris peace summit

Answer 43

Gary powers shot may 1st 1960 after photographing USSR weapon development. Sentenced to 10 years, increased tensions USA and USSR were going to meet in Paris to discuss anti-proliferation of nuclear weapons, it was cancelled. Both countries continued to spy on eachother.

Question 44

Hungarian uprising

Answer 44

Soviet satellite state. Hungarian leader killed in 1949 for lack of loyalty to stalin, replaced by Rakosi who was loyal to stalin Khrushchev comes to power and de-stalinised russia - 23rd October 1956, uprising began. Navy announced as leader, promised reforms and freedom. Soviets attacked but withdrew. Seemed like a Hungarian victory as they wanted to leave Warsaw pact. Khrushchev did not want Hungary to be free. Sent society army in, killed innocents. America did not respond.

Question 45

Berlin Crisis

Answer 45

1961. Following first Berlin crisis, tensions were still high. Thousands were defecting from East Berlin to west Berlin everyday. August 13, East German troops closed border. Replaced with concrete after a week, lasted till 1989

Question 46

Cuban missile crisis

Answer 46

America supported old leader, batista. 1959 - castro took power, ejected all us business from Cuba. America refused to buy sugar or coffee as a result. Khrushchev wanted to use Cuba to Bully USA.

Question 47

Prague spring

Answer 47

1968. Life in Czechoslovakia was difficult - poverty etc. Soviet satellite state, controlled By USSR. Wanted reforms, ussr said no, leader forced to resign,replaced by Dubcek, because he was communist. Dubcek started reforms. Soviet tanks invaded Czechoslovakia, Killed hundreds. Because USSR killed many, people started to lose faith in communism.

Question 48

Reasons for detente

Answer 48

Vietnam Nixon's visit to China MAD Human rights

Question 49

Detente talks

Answer 49

Test ban treaty 1963 Nixon Doctrine 1968 Helsinki agreement 1975

Question 50

Korea

Answer 50

After ww11, Korea split into and northern communist nation and southern capitalist nation (38 parallel) June 1950 - North Korea invaded South, hoping to take country for themselves, USA encouraged UN to help push North Korean forces back Sep 1950 - General macarthur and his troops pushed north into China Nov 1950 - macarthur suggested using a-bomb on China and was fired. China and North pushed UN forces beyond 38 parallel July 1951 - war ends in stalemate, ceasefire signed in 1953. 38 parallel became iron curtain

Question 51

Vietnam

Answer 51

After french were forced out of Vietnam on 1954, uss feared if it went communist domino theory would happen. 1954 agreement - divided Vietnam, North was communist, south was run by non-communist dictator. 1964 - us claimed USS Maddock attacked North Vietnamese communists. Used to convince Congress to declare war.