biology - Cells/blood

Question 1

what are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

they are complex and contain a nucleus along with other membrane bound organelles.

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

They are cells that are simple and do not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

Question 3

Examples of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Animal cells
Plant cells
Fungal cells
Protist cells.

Question 4

Examples of prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

Bacteria
Archaea
All bacteria are prokaryotic cells.

Question 5

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 5

The processes by which plants make their own food from using sunlight

Question 6

word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Question 7

characteristics of animal cells?

Answer 7

• lack a cell wall
• no chloroplasts
• small vacuoles
• EUKARYOTIC

examples = muscle cells, nerve cells, blood cells.

Question 8

characteristics of plant cells?

Answer 8

• have a cell wall (made of cellulose)
• contain chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)
• large central vacuole
• EUKARYOTIC

example = leaf cells, root cells, xylem/phloem cells

Question 9

what do plant cells NOT have?

Answer 9

• centrioles
• lysosomes
• cilia and flagella
• flexible shape

Question 10

What do animal cells not have?

Answer 10

• cell wall
• chloroplasts
  -large central vacuole

Question 11

What is plasma?

Answer 11

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood that consists of white/red blood cells.

Question 12

What is the white blood cells function?

Answer 12

• part of the immune system
• can create antibodies
• recognise and destroy pathogens

Question 13

What are the function of platelets?

Answer 13

• their job is to help with clotting
• can be used for blood donation
• sticks to damaged areas to prevent mass blood loss

Question 14

What are the functions of red blood cells?

Answer 14

• transports oxygen from lungs to all around the body
• contains haemoglobin (protein)
• contains no nucleus (eukaryotic)

Question 15

What is cytoplasm in animal cells?

Answer 15

• maintains the cells SHAPE and supporting the organelles, it’s where CHEMICAL REACTIONS take place.

Question 16

Key features in cytoplasm?

Answer 16

• mostly water (70%-80%)
• contains salts, enzymes, nutrients.
• organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes)

Question 17

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 17

• controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 18

What are the two structures in the cell for an animal cell?

Answer 18

-mitochondria
-ribosomes

Question 19

What is mitochondria?

Answer 19

Releases energy during aerobic respiration

Question 20

What is ribosomes?

Answer 20

Makes proteins (like collagen, amylase, haemoglobin)

Question 21

What can we use to see ribosomes?

Answer 21

• a electron microscope

Question 22

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 22

in plant cells, it’s where photosynthesis takes place.

Question 23

How does photosynthesis produce glucose?

Answer 23

• uses light energy to covert carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Question 24

How do chloroplast work?

Answer 24

They contain pigments called chlorophyll that absorbs light

Question 25

Is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?

Answer 25

Yes, it transfers energy from the environment.

Question 26

Is respiration an exothermic reaction?

Answer 26

Yes as it RELEASES energy/heat.

Question 27

What is osmosis?

Answer 27

Movement of water molecules from high to low concentration.

Question 28

Examples of osmosis?

Answer 28

Plant water uptake, slugs and salt

Question 29

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 29

Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs the light energy to produce the glucose

Question 30

What is the uses of glucose?

Answer 30

- to release energy and respiration (takes place in mitochondria) - produce insoluble molecule (starch) - fats and oils (like olive oil) - produce amino acids

Question 31

Which part of a plant is the largest?

Answer 31

A leaf.

Question 32

Magnification calculation?

Answer 32

i/a x m (image/actual size x magnification)