biology cells part 1

Question 0

Cytoplasm

Answer 0

Site of chemical reactions

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Controls cell activities and contains genetic information

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Controls what passes in and out of the cell

Question 3

Cell wall

Answer 3

Keeps cell shape and supports it

Question 4

Vacuole

Answer 4

Stores sugar and salt solution

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

Contain photosynthetic pigment which traps light energy for photosynthesis

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Where proteins are made

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

The movement of molecules form an area of high concentration to low concentration along a concentration gradient

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

The movement of water from high concentration to low concentration along a concentration gradient

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

DNA molecules are arranged into a double helix structure. A large strand of DNA is called a chromosome.

Question 10

Chromosomes

Answer 10

Large strands of DNA, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells, two copies of each so 46 chromosomes

Question 11

Protein synthesis stage 1

Answer 11

Transcription- DNA unzips and messenger RNA is made against one of the strands. Messenger RNA then travels out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Mitosis stage 1

Answer 12

Every chromosome doubles to form two identical chromatids.

Question 13

Plant cell structure

Answer 13

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 14

Animal cell structure

Answer 14

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria

Question 15

Yeast cell structure

Answer 15

Cell wall, nucleus, vacuole, cell membrane

Question 16

Bacteria cell structure

Answer 16

Plasmid, cell wall, cell membrane, flagella

Question 17

Plasma membrane

Answer 17

Made up of a double layer of phospholipids and proteins, phospholipid heads are not bound together but arrange themselves by attraction, heads love water, tails hate water

Question 18

Active transport

Answer 18

The movement of charged particles (ions) across plasma membrane from a low to high concentration against a concentration gradient

Question 19

Diffusion passive or active

Answer 19

Passive, requires no energy

Question 20

Osmosis passive or active

Answer 20

Passive, requires no energy

Question 21

Active transport passive or active

Answer 21

Active, requires energy

Question 22

DNA carries instructions (genes) a cell needs to

Answer 22

Correctly make protein

Question 23

Protein structure

Answer 23

Made up of amino acids and peptide bonds

Question 24

Adenine pairs with

Answer 24

Thymine

Question 25

Guanine pairs with

Answer 25

Cytosine

Question 26

What holds the 2 strands of the double helix together?

Answer 26

Weak hydrogen bonds between the base pairs

Question 27

Protein synthesis stage 2

Answer 27

Translation - tRNA molecules attached to amino acids match up, the ribosome moves along the mRNA and forms peptide bonds between the amino acids

Question 28

Protein synthesis stage 3

Answer 28

Completed polypeptide chain peels off into the cytoplasm

Question 29

Cell division

Answer 29

The process of one cell dividing into two daughter cells that are identical to original cell.

Question 30

Mitosis stage 2

Answer 30

Chromosomes shorten and coil

Two identical chromatids joined by a centromere

Question 31

Mitosis stage 3

Answer 31

Chromosomes attach at the equator, attached here by the centromere
Spindle fibres form and attach to the centromeres and poles.

Question 32

Mitosis stage 4

Answer 32

The chromatids are pulled apart and moved to opposite ends of the cell

Question 33

Mitosis stage 5

Answer 33

Separated chromatids are now chromosomes

Cytoplasm divides and nuclear membrane forms

Question 34

Cancer

Answer 34

Uncontrolled division of mutant cells in body

Question 35

DNA structure (weak)

Answer 35

Bases, weak hydrogen bonds, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate