Biology Chapter 1

Question 1

genetic variations are important for

Answer 1

the survival of populations of organisms

Question 2

Diversity of physical traits increases what?

Answer 2

the likelihood that some individuals in a population will survive a major environmental change

Question 3

how many species are currently known to be living on earth?

Answer 3

8.7 million species

Question 4

genetics

Answer 4

involves the code found in your DNA that can be passed from one generation to the next

Question 5

physical traits

Answer 5

the products created by an organism due to the genetic code. can be influenced by the environment

Question 6

T/F - can different genetic codes produce the same physical trait?

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what are the 6 kingdoms

Answer 7

archaebacteria, eubacteria, Protista, fungi, plants, and animals

Question 8

What are the 3 domains

Answer 8

domain archaea, domain bacteria, and domain eukarya

Question 9

Domain Archaea

Answer 9

Includes Kingdom Archaebacteria. Prokaryotic, single-celled
organisms that live in harsh environments.

Question 10

Domain Bacteria

Answer 10

Includes Kingdom Eubacteria. Prokaryotic cells that are
generally single-celled (but some multicellular forms exist)

Question 11

Domain Eukarya

Answer 11

‘Includes the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
All members of this domain have eukaryotic cells

Question 12

Prokaryotic organisms

Answer 12

• Simple cell structure
• No membrane-bound organelles
• DNA is located in the cytoplasm
• Other structures include ribosomes and a cell wall

Question 13

Eukaryotic organisms

Answer 13

• Complex cell structure
• Contain membrane-bound organelles (ie. nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.)
• Cells are larger than prokaryotic cells, with more DNA, and more complex organization of genetic material

Question 14

Archaebacteria

Answer 14

• Single-celled
• Prokaryotic
• Primitive
• Live in extreme environments
  → very high temperatures
  → very low temperatures
  → highly saline environments
  → highly acidic environments

Question 15

Eubacteria

Answer 15

• Generally single-celled (some may be multicellular)
• Prokaryotic
• Found almost everywhere on Earth
• Most are harmless or helpful
• Some can cause human diseases. Examples: tetanus, syphilis,
  pneumonia, tuberculosis

Question 16

whats the difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria

Answer 16

• their ancestral cell lineage
• the types of environments they live in
• biochemical variations in cell components

Question 17

Protists

Answer 17

• Single-celled
• Eukaryotic
• Various species have characteristics similar to:
  → Fungi (spores)
  → Plants (chloroplastsphotosynthetic)
  → Animals (locomotion)
• May have structures such as
  flagella or cilia

Question 18

Fungi

Answer 18

• Multicellular (except for yeast)
• Eukaryotic
• Non-photosynthetic
• Some are beneficial and some
  are poisonous to humans.
• Examples include mushrooms,
  mold, and mildew

Question 19

Plants

Answer 19

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Photosynthetic
• May live on land or in water

Question 20

Animals

Answer 20

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Non-photosynthetic
• Can live on land or in water
• Have locomotion

Question 21

In which kingdom would you find a single-celled eukaryote that is photosynthetic?

Answer 21

Protists

Question 22

Which of the following kingdoms would include eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic, multicellular organisms?

Answer 22

Fungi

Question 23

Which of the following can survive in extreme environments, such as very high temperatures?

Answer 23

Archaea

Question 24

Every living thing is made up of what elements?

Answer 24

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 25

the elements form small molecules such as

Answer 25

amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, and nucleotides

Question 26

small molecules combine together to make...

Answer 26

macromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids)

Question 27

all living things use energy for...

Answer 27

moving, thinking, growing, cellular processes, etc

Question 28

what is the ultimate source of energy on earth?

Answer 28

the sun

Question 29

photosynthetic organisms capture the suns energy to...

Answer 29

create macromolecules which are then consumed by other organisms

Question 30

metabolism

Answer 30

the chemical reactions within the body that allow the transfer of energy from one form to another

Question 31

Asexual reproduction

Answer 31

organisms produce offspring with same genetic material

Question 32

Sexual reproduction

Answer 32

organisms produce unique offspring with new combinations of genetic material from two different parents

Question 33

every living organism has genetic material in the form of...

Answer 33

DNA

Question 34

RNA and DNA

Answer 34

they contain genes that determine an organisms characteristics

Question 35

humans have ____ chromosomes but the genes on chromosomes vary

Answer 35

46

Question 36

Evolution

Answer 36

Populations of organisms continuously change from one generation to the next in terms of genetic makeup of the population

Question 37

every organism must maintain a stable internal environment which is called

Answer 37

homeostasis

Question 38

Chemoreceptors

Answer 38

detect chemical concentrations, such as neurotransmitters, drugs, or hormones

Question 39

Osmoreceptors

Answer 39

detect changes in osmolarity, that is – water and ion concentrations

Question 40

Baroreceptors

Answer 40

detect pressure, such as blood pressure

Question 41

Photoreceptors

Answer 41

detect light and are found only in the retina (in humans)

Question 42

Nociceptors

Answer 42

detect pain

Question 43

Thermoreceptors

Answer 43

detect temperature

Question 44

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 44

detect stretching, deformation

Question 45

Proprioceptors

Answer 45

detect body position

Question 46

Tactile receptors

Answer 46

detect touch, pressure, and vibration