Biology Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the 7 characteristics of all living organisms?

Answer 1

1. Composed of cells
2. complex & ordered
3. respond to their environment
4. can grow, develop & reproduce
5. obtain & use energy
6. maintain internal balance
7. all for evolutionary adaptation

Question 2

___ is the basic unit of life

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

What are 3 examples in the organismal level

Answer 3

tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 4

List in order the hierarchical organization of life.

Answer 4

Cellular level, organismal level, population level, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 5

Life is an ____ property

Answer 5

emergent

Question 6

Science aims to understand the natural world through __ & ___

Answer 6

observation & reasoning

Question 7

Science begins with observations, therefore much of science is purely ____

Answer 7

descriptive

Question 8

_____ uses general principles to make specific predictions

Answer 8

deductive reasoning

Question 9

____ uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

Answer 9

inductive reasoning

Question 10

What is the systematic approach scientists use to gain understanding of the natural world?

Answer 10

observation, hypotheses formation, prediction, experimentation, conclusion

Question 11

__ is a possible explanation for an observation; must be tested to determine its validity

Answer 11

hypothesis

Question 12

___ is when a hypotheses can be changed and refined with new data

Answer 12

iterative

Question 13

__ provide way to test the validity of hypotheses

Answer 13

predictions

Question 14

__ is to break a complex process down to its simpler parts

Answer 14

reductionism

Question 15

__ is the focus on emergent properties that can’t be understood by looking at simpler parts

Answer 15

systems biology

Question 16

__ is a body of interconnected concepts; is supported by much experimental evidence & scientific reasoning

Answer 16

scientific theory

Question 17

Populations of plants and animals increase ___ while humans are able to increase their food supply __.

Answer 17

geometrically; arithmetically

Question 18

__ same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function

Answer 18

homologous

Question 19

__ structures of different origin but used for the same purpose

Answer 19

analogous

Question 20

__ based on tracing origin of particular nucleotide changes to reconstruct an evolutionary history

Answer 20

phylogenetic trees

Question 21

__discrete unit of information

Answer 21

gene

Question 22

__ entire set of DNA instructions

Answer 22

genome

Question 23

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 23

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 24

scientific study of living organisms and how they evolved

Answer 24

biology

Question 25

knowledge derived from observation and experimentation carried out to determine the principles underlying what is being studied

Answer 25

science

Question 26

a suggested explanation that accounts for the observations

Answer 26

hypothesis

Question 27

test of a hypothesis

Answer 27

experiment

Question 28

an influencing factor

Answer 28

variable

Question 29

a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon, often based on a general principle. In science, __ is on solid ground, well tested, and widely accepted

Answer 29

theory

Question 30

an experiment where the variable in question is left unaltered

Answer 30

control experiment

Question 31

operation of natural laws that produce change over time; process o change in living organisms

Answer 31

evolution

Question 32

differential reproduction under natural conditions

Answer 32

natural selection

Question 33

all organisms maintain constant internal conditions different from their environment

Answer 33

homeostasis

Question 34

English naturalist who wrote a book "Origin of Species" about natural selection

Answer 34

Charles Darwin

Question 35

geologist who wrote "Principles of Geology" and inspired Darwin on the "Beagle"

Answer 35

Charles Lyell

Question 36

naturalist who independently developed a theory about natural selection

Answer 36

Alfred Wallace

Question 37

scientist who wrote an essay about populations - pointing out that population increase in size geometrically but resources increase arithmetically

Answer 37

Thomas Malthus