Biology Chapter 10

Question 1

Gregor Mendal concluded that traits are:

a. not herited by offspring
b. inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring
c. determined by dominant factors only
d. determined by recessive fact

Answer 1

Gregor Mendal concluded that traits are:

b. INHERITED through the PASSING of factors from PARENTS to OFFSPRING.

Question 2

The FARTHER apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the

a. less likely they are to be inherited together
b. more likely they are to be linked
c. less likely they are to assort independently
d. less likely they are to be separated by a crossover during meiosis

Answer 2

The FARTHER apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the

a. LESS likely they are to be inherited together

Question 3

In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. No F1 plants were short. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because:

a. some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried the allele for shortness.
b. the allele for shortness is dominant
c. the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F1 plants produced gametes
d. they inherited an allele for shortness from one parents and an allele for tallness from the other parent

Answer 3

In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. No F1 plants were short. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because:

c. the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness SEGREGATED when the F1 plants produced gametes

Question 4

The principles of probability can be used to:

a. predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses
b. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses
c. predict the traits of the parents used in genetic crosses
d. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses

Answer 4

The principles of PROBABILITY can be used to:

a. PREDICT the traits of the OFFSPRING produced by genetic crosses

Question 5

In the Punnett square, which is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?

a. about half of the offspring are expected to be short
b. All are expected to be short
c. All are expected to be of medium heigth
d. All are expected to be tall

Answer 5

In the Punnett square, which is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?

d. All are expected to be tall

Question 6

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?

a. principle of dominance
b. principle of independent assortment
c. principle of probabilities
d. principle of segregation

Answer 6

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits SEPARATE without influencing each other’s inheritance?

b. principle of INDEPENDENT assortment

Question 7

The cross of a black chicken (Cb, Cb) with a white chicken (Cw, Cw), produces an all “BLUE” offspring (Cb, Cw)! This type of inheritance is known as…..?

a. intermediate inheritance
b. polygenic inheritance
c. codominance
d. multiple alleles

Answer 7

The cross of a black chicken (Cb, Cb) with a white chicken (Cw, Cw), produces an all “BLUE” offspring (Cb, Cw)! This type of inheritance is known as…..?

c. CO-DOMINANCE

Question 8

Variation in human skin color is a result of

a. Intermediate inheritance
b. codominance.
c. polygenic inheritance
d. multiple alleles

Answer 8

VARIATION in human SKIN COLOR is a result of

c. POLYGENIC inheritance

Question 9

Which of the following assort independently?

a. chromosomes
b. two genes on the same chromosome
d. multiple alleles.
c. codominant alleles

Answer 9

Which of the following ASSORT INDEPENDENTLY?

a. CHROMOSOMES

Question 10

The Punnett square in the figure shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for color:

a. assort independently
b. are linked
c. have the same alleles
d. are always homozygous

Answer 10

The Punnett square in the figure shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for color:

a. ASSORT INDEPENDENTLY

Question 11

True or False?

A trait is a variation of a particular character.

Answer 11

True

A trait is a variation of a particular character.

Question 12

True or False?

An organism that is heterozygous for a particular character will generally show the recessive trait.

Answer 12

FALSE!!!!!!

An organism that is heterozygous for a particular character, will generally show the DOMINANT trait.

Question 13

True or False?

If blue Andalusian chickens are mated, according to the idea of intermediate inheritance, 25% of the offspring are expected to be blue.

Answer 13

FALSE!

Since both parents are blue Andalusian chickens according to the idea of intermediate inheritance, 50% of the offspring are expected to be blue.

Question 14

True or False?

Blood type in humans is determined by a single gene that has multiple alleles.

Answer 14

True

Blood type in humans is determined by a single gene that has multiple alleles.

Question 15

The principle of independent assortment states that

______ for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Answer 15

The principle of independent assortment states that

GENES for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Question 16

The alternative forms of a gene are called _____________.

Answer 16

The alternative forms of a gene are called ALLELES.

Question 17

Pea plants that are TT, ___________, and tt have different genotypes.

Answer 17

Pea plants that are TT, Ttand tt have different genotypes.

Question 18

In the Punnett square attachment, the possible genotypes of the offspring are what? ________________________

Answer 18

In the Punnett square attachment, the possible genotypes of the offspring are what? TT and Tt

Question 19

Any gene that is located on a sex chromosomes is called a _________ - ___________ gene.

Answer 19

Any gene that is located on a sex chromosomes is called a sex- linked gene.

Question 20

Define Genetics.

Answer 20

Genetics is the study of heredity.

Question 21

What pre monohybrid and dihybrid crosses?

Answer 21

Monohybrid pairing is one where the parent plans differ in only ONE character.

Dihybrid cross is a cross between organisms differering in TWO CHARACTERS

Question 22

What is Polygenic Inheritance? Give TWO examples.

Answer 22

Polygenic Inheritance is when TWO more more GENES affect a SINGLE Characters. Our HEIGHT and SKIN COLOR as humans is affected by polygenic inheritance.

Question 23

Genetic Linkage - what is it?

Answer 23

Genetic linkage is the tendency for the alleles on one chromosome to be inherited together.

Question 24

Why are more sex-linked disorders more common in males?

Answer 24

Males can have a sex-linked disorder even if they have only one copy of the allele for the disorder, BECAUSE males have one X chromosome

Question 25

Inferring from the attached figure - what is the genotype of an offspring that has white, smooth hair

Answer 25

Interring from the attached figure - the genotype of an offspring that has white, smooth hair, is "bbrr" Hair Color R= black **b= white** Hair Texture R=Rough **r=smooth**

Question 26

Using the attached figure, identify the genotype of the offspring that would be represented in the square labeled X.

Answer 26

The genotype of the offspring square labeled X is bbRR

Question 27

Inferring - Identify the phenotype of an offspring that would be represented in the square labeled X in the attached figure.

Answer 27

Inferring - The phenotype of the offspring in the square labeled X would be white, rough hair.

Question 28

Define Phenotype, and look at the attachment and tell what the different possible phenotypes the offspring could be.

Answer 28

Phenotype - "genotype" is the genetic makeup of an organism, Phenotype is how the environment influences an organism's physical appearance and behavior. The possible offspring are: BR - Black, Rough Hair Br - Black, Smooth Hair bR - White, Rough Hair br - White, Smooth Hair

Question 29

Inferring - looking at the attached figure, what are the possible genotypes that have black, rough hair?

Answer 29

Inferring - The possible genotypes that have black, rough hair could be: BBRR - BBRr BbRR BbRr

Question 30

Calculating - fraction of the offspring in the attached figure would be expected to have white, smooth hair?

Answer 30

One (1/16th), of the offspring would be expected tohave white, smooth hair.

Question 31

How can you tell whether a tall pea plant is homozygous or heterozygrous for tallness?

Answer 31

How can you tell whether a tall pea plant is homozygous or heterozygrous for tallness? **Cross it with a short pea plant!** If the offspring are **all tall,** then the original plant is **homozygous**. If **half are tall** and the other half are short, then the original plant is **heterozygous.**

Question 32

What is the Blending Hypothesis and the Particulate Hypothesis

Answer 32

**Blending** Hypothesis - hereditary material from the parents **blend producing intermediate traits.** **Particulate** Hypothesis - Parents pass on **separate (particular)** and **distinct** factors as **inherited traits**

Question 33

How do environmental conditions affect phenotype expression?

Answer 33

Environmental affects phenotype expression to produce a range of possibilities! Inheritance influences how we're built, but so does nutrition, exercise, and sunlight affects the color of our skin.

Question 34

How do sex-linked genes produce different inheritance patterns in males and females?

Answer 34

Sex-linked genes produce different inheritance patterns in males and females , because they're mostly found on the X (MALE) chromosome. A female would have to have the allele on both X chromosomes, but a male would have the recessive trait no matter what, because he only has one X chromosome.