Chapter 9

Question 1

the region labeled “A” in figure 9-1 is called the :

a. centromere
b. centriole
c. sister chromatid
d. spindle

Answer 1

The region labeled “A” in figure 9-1 is called the a. centromere

Question 2

The structures labeled “B” in figure 9-1 are called

a. centromeres
b. centrioles
c. sister chromatids
d. spindles

Answer 2

The structures labeled “B” in figure 9-1 are called c. sister chromatids

Question 3

During which phases of mitosis are structures like the one shown in Figure 9-1 visible?

a. anaphase and prophase
b. prophase and metaphase
c. metaphase only
d. anaphase and interphase

Answer 3

During which phases of mitosis are structures like the one shown in Figure 9-1 visible?

b. prophase and metaphase

Question 4

which event occurs during the interphase?

a. The cell carries out metabolic processes
b. Centrioles appear
c. Spindle fibers begin to form
d. Centromeres divide

Answer 4

during the interphase the event that occurs is: a. The cell carries out metabolic processes

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?

a. Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases
b. DNA replicates during cytokinesis
c. The M phase is usually the longest phase
d. Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases

Answer 5

The correct statement about the events of the cell cycle has to do with the interphase.. d. The Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases

Question 6

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

a. prophase
b. telophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase

Answer 6

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell? The c. metaphase, is the phase of mitosis when chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell.

Question 7

One difference between cytokinesis in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have

a. centrioles
b. centromeres
c. a cell plate
d. chromatin

Answer 7

One difference between cytokinesis in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have c. a cell plate

Question 8

What is a malignant tumor?

a. an accumulation of centrioles
b. a mass of cancer cells
c. the rapidly dividing cells found at the site of the wound d. an abnormal mass of essentially normal cells

Answer 8

A malignant tumor is b. a mass of cancer cells

Question 9

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

a. diploid cells
b. haploid cells
c. 2n daughter cells
d. body cells

Answer 9

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of b. haploid cells

Question 10

Crossing over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. Which of the following is the likely result?

a. Chromatoids are not involved in mitosis
b. Tetrads rarely form durung mitosis
c. A cell undergoing mitosis does not have homologous chromosomes
d. There is no prophase during mitosis

Answer 10

Crossing over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. Which of the following is the likely result? b. Tetrads rarely form durung mitosis

Question 11

true or false Reproduction by simple cell division is called sexual reproduction, whereas the process in which two parents contribute genetic material is called asexual reproduction.

Answer 11

false !!!!!!!! its the other way around! Reproduction by simple cell division is called asexual reproduction. when two parents contribute genetic material, this is called sexual reproduction.

Question 12

look at figure 9-1 on page 120 true or false? the structure in 9-1 is a duplicated chromosome

Answer 12

True! This figure is a duplicated chromosome

Question 13

true or false? A cell splits into two daughter cells during cytokenesis

Answer 13

this is True! A cell does split into two daughter cells during cytokenesis

Question 14

true or false homologous chromosomes are the two sets of chromosomes found in the body . one set is from the male parent, and the other from the female parent

Answer 14

this is true!!!!!!!!!! in the homologous chromosomes, one set is from the male parent, and the other from the female parent

Question 15

true or false. mitosis results in two cells, whereas meiosis results in one cell.

Answer 15

this is false!!! mitosis results in two cells, but meiosis results in FOUR cells!

Question 16

During metaphase, each chromosome is connected to a —————-?

Answer 16

during metaphase each chromosome is connected to a spindle microtubule.

Question 17

during ———–, the nucleus of duplicated chromosomes divide and are evenly distributed forming to daughter nuclei?

Answer 17

during mitosis, the nucleus and the duplicated chromosomes divide and are evenly distributed forming two daughter nuclei

Question 18

look at figure 9-3 on page 120. The process shown in this figure occurs only in what kind of cells that have just divided?

Answer 18

look at figure 9-3 on page 120. The process shown in this figure occurs only in PLANT CELLS that have just divided.

Question 19

look on page 120 figure 9-3. The structure labeled “A” in the figure is called what?

Answer 19

on page 120 figure 9-3 the structure labeled “A “ in the figure is called the cell plate

Question 20

on page 120 look at figure 9-3 again. the process shown occurs directly following mitosis. this process is called what???????

Answer 20

on page 120 figure 9-3 the process shown occurs directly following mitosis. this process is known as the cytokinesis.

Question 21

do you have a short answer to this ? how does Cell production contribute to repair and growth?

Answer 21

Cell production contributes to repair and growth this way…… when you have an injury your body will produce the cells that heal the world all of the cells in your body is also a result of new cells are produced by cell reproduction

Question 22

do you have a short answer for this? what is the difference between chromatids and chromatin?

Answer 22

The difference between Chromotids and chromatin is that chromatids are two identical DNA strands that are joined by a centromere chromogen is the material that makes up the chromosomes this material is DNA and proteins

Question 23

How are homologous chromosomes alike? How are they different?

Answer 23

Homologous chromosomes are similar in size and in shape. their genes are in the same order and they control the same inherited characteristics. however, the two genes may be slightly different versions.

Question 24

how many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell?

Answer 24

A diploid has two sets of chromosomes?

Question 25

how does crossing over contribute to genetic. Variation? in your answer use the term genetic recombination.

Answer 25

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. During crossing over, segments of two chromatids can be exchanged at one or more sites. Crossing over Can produce A single, so it contains a new conversation of genetic information from different parents. This new combination of genetic information is called genetic recombination.

Question 26

look on page 120 to figure 9-4. what is the chromosome diploid number of cells shown in this figure?

Answer 26

on page 122 a chromosome diploid number of the cell is 4!

Question 27

looking at the figure on page 122 how do you know if this is an animal cell or a plant cell what does the figure represent?

Answer 27

The figure on page 122 shows different stages of mitosis and it is in animal song the reason you know it's an animal cell because it has centrioles and because of the shape of the cell.

Question 28

on page 122 and with that in the figure the structure that's labeled X and Y represents what?

Answer 28

on page 122 configure a shows X as the centriole and Y as the spindle fiber

Question 29

The figure on page 122 shows the different stages of mitosis in an animal cell. what's the right order for those stages? list by letter.

Answer 29

The right order for the steps in the mitosis process is DACB.

Question 30

on page 122 the different figures shown out of the steps and the mitosis process if they were arranged in the right order what with the picture of the next step show? write the word for it and space draw it somewhere.

Answer 30

if these were arranged in the right order the next step would be cytokinesis the picture will show two daughter cells forming.

Question 31

on page 122 which stage is being shown in the diagram C?

Answer 31

diagram C in the mitosis process is showing the anaphase step.

Question 32

what are the main events of the cell cycle? Illustrate the description of the diagram of the cell cycle. look at page 183 in the student text and take a picture of 9-5 and attach it here.

Answer 32

and the main events of the cell cycle . interphase consists of the G1 phase the S phase and the G2 phase. During the G1 phase of the cell grows. During the S-phase the genetic material duplicates. During the G2 phase the cell prepares to divide. The M face or myoptic phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis. Look at page 183 on your text for a drawing of how this works it is figure 9-5

Question 33

what happens during the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 33

The four stages of mitosis are 1. prophase-the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down. 2. Metaphase -the chromosomes line up across the middle of the song and each chromosome is attached to a spindle fiber. 3. Anaphase -sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes. 4. Telophase -chromosomes move to opposite sides of the dividing cell and two new nuclear envelopes form.

Question 34

how can cancer be treated at the cellular level?

Answer 34

cancer can be treated at the cellular level using radiation therapy. when we expose cancerous tumors to radiation it disrupts the division of cells. Chemo therapy uses drugs that can disrupt cell division. Because cancer cells divide more than other cells these two ways can often destroy the cancer without causing great damage to normal cells.

Question 35

why are daughter cells produced by meiosis usually different from each other windows produced by mitosis or not?

Answer 35

during meiosis pairs of homologous chromosomes in the parent cell form tetrads and then they separate so each daughter cell receives only one chromosome from each homologous pair and the particular chromosomes that it receives are random. What happens then is that each daughter cell has A different combination of chromosomes. Crossing over occurs during meiosis and this can cause new combinations of AL L EL ES on the chromosomes in the daughter cells. It's different during mitosis because homologous chromosomes usually don't form tetrads in separate so crossing over usuallydoesn't happen.

Question 36

which of the following is NOT a correct statement about events in the cell cycle? a. interphase is usually the longest phase b. DNA replicates during the S phase c. cell division and with cytokinesis d. the cell grows during the G2 phase

Answer 36

this is NOT a correct statement about events in the cell cycle? d. the cell grows during the G2 phase

Question 37

when during the cell cycle is a cells DNA replicated? a. G1 phase b. G2 phase c. S phase d. M phase

Answer 37

a cells DNA is replicated during the c. S phase

Question 38

which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle? a. G1 phase b. G2 phase c. M phase d. all the above

Answer 38

which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle? d. all the above

Question 39

The stage of cell division in which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called what? a. miotic phase b. metaphase c. interphase d. mitosis

Answer 39

The stage of cell division in which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called the a. miotic phase

Question 40

Ther cell cycle is the: a. series of events that cells go through from "birth" to reproduction. b. period of time between the birth and the death of a cell. c. time from prophase until cytokinesis. d. time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis.

Answer 40

The cell cycle is the: a. series of events that cells go through from "birth" to reproduction.

Question 41

The two main stages of the mitotic phase are called: a. mitosis and interphase b. telophase and cytokinesis c. the M phase and the S phase d. cytokinesis and mitosis

Answer 41

The two main stages of the mitotic phase are called: d. cytokinesis and mitosis

Question 42

Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? a. cytokinesis b. interphase c. prophase d. S phase

Answer 42

Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? c. prophase

Question 43

The first phase of mitosis is called: a. prophase b. anaphase c. metaphase d. interphase

Answer 43

The first phase of mitosis is called: a. prophase

Question 44

Cancer is a disease in which some cells lose the ability to control their a. size b. spindle fibers c. rate of division d. surface area

Answer 44

Cancer is a disease in which some cells lose the ability to control their c. rate of division

Question 45

Unlike mitosis, meiosis usually results in the formation of: a. genetically identical cells b. four genetically different cells c. four genetically identical cells d. two genetically different cells

Answer 45

Unlike mitosis, meiosis usually results in the formation of: b. four genetically different cells

Question 46

Gametes are produced by the process of: a. mitosis b. meiosis c. crossing-over d. replication

Answer 46

Gametes are produced by the process of: b. meiosis

Question 47

Look at figure 9-2 on page 127 What is shown there? a. independent assortment b. anaphase 1 of meiosis c. crossing over d. replication

Answer 47

Look at figure 9-2 on page 127 What is shown there? c. crossing over

Question 48

True or False, Most of a cells growth takes place during the G2 phase of the cell cycle

Answer 48

FALSE -- Most of a cells growth takes place during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, NOT the G2.

Question 49

True or False? A cell's chromosomes are duplicated through interphase.

Answer 49

It's all True! A cell's chromosomes are duplicated through interphase.

Question 50

True or False? Typically, the longest phase of mitosis is the metaphase.

Answer 50

This is False! Typically, the longest phase of mitosis is the Prophase, NOT metaphase.

Question 51

True or False? Cancer is a disease caused by the severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle.

Answer 51

This is True ! Cancer is a disease caused by the severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle.

Question 52

True or False? If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the organisms diploid's number is 32.

Answer 52

This is True !!!! If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the organisms diploid's number is 32.

Question 53

A cell that has 5 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have ???????? chromatids in the G2 phase.

Answer 53

A cell that has 5 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have 10 chromatids in the G2 phase.

Question 54

Together, the G1 phase, the S phase and the G2 phase are called, WHAT???????

Answer 54

Together, the G1 phase, the S phase and the G2 phase are called, INTERPHASE.

Question 55

In the disease ?????, the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle are disrupted.

Answer 55

In the disease CANCER, the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle are disrupted

Question 56

An organisms's gametes have ??????? the number of chromosomes found in the organisms's body cells.

Answer 56

An organisms's gametes have HALF the number of chromosomes found in the organisms's body cells.

Question 57

Crossing over occurs during the state of meiosis called, WHAT??????

Answer 57

Crossing over occurs during the state of meiosis called, PROPHASE I

Question 58

Describe how a plant cell produces a new cell wall during cytokinesis.

Answer 58

This is how a plant cell produces a new cell well during cytokinesis: A cell plate forms in the cytoplasm, midway between each new nucleus, then the cell plate slowly changes into a separating cell wall.

Question 59

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

Answer 59

This is how cencel cells are different than normal cells, they have a severe disruption of the mechanisms that usually control the cell cycle, so they form tumors and can spread through the whole body.

Question 60

What could happen if gametes of a species had the same number of chromosomes as the species' body cells?

Answer 60

If gametes of a specials had the same number of chromosomes as the species' body cells, that would mean that when the gametes fused during fertilization, the offspring would have more chromosomes than their parents-- this means that species' chromosome number wouldn't be constant.

Question 61

What happens to the number of chromosomes per cell during meiosis?

Answer 61

During meiosis, the number of chromosomes per cell if cut in HALF.

Question 62

Contrast the cells produced by mitosis with those produced by meiosis.

Answer 62

The difference is that mitosis produces diploid body cells, but meiosis produced HAPLOID GEMETES.

Question 63

See diagram 9-5 on page 130 Compare how cancer cells are different from normal cells, and tell how it's shown in the two figures.

Answer 63

Figure A shows how the cells are out of control and have formed into a tumor, because the cells are dividing too fast; and disrupting the cells next to them. They don't respond to the signals that manage growth properly.

Question 64

In figure A in 9-5 on page 130, that shows the cancer cells, what's the process called if they are untreated, and what will happen?

Answer 64

If the cancer isn't treated, it can break loose and to go other parts of the body and keep spreading, this is called METASTATIS.

Question 65

How might cancer cells be prevented from causing more harm?

Answer 65

To keep the cancer cells from doing more harm, they could be removed and remaining ones treated with radiation and chamicals to destroy the ones that remained.

Question 66

Look at the figure 9-6 on page 131. What ware the stages where the cells are 2n. Which states are they "n"?

Answer 66

In Figure 9-6, on page 131, The cells in stages A, B and C are 2n. The ones in D, E, F & G are "n"

Question 67

In the figure 9-6 on page 131, IN stage B, what's the structure labeled "X"?

Answer 67

In the figure 9-6 on 131, the structure "X" in state B, the structure is called a TETRAD.

Question 68

In figure 9-6, page 131, which stage does genetic recombination happen in ? Where's it shown in the diagram?

Answer 68

In figure 9-6, page 131, genetic recombination happens in STAGE A, this is in PROPHASE 1.

Question 69

If the prophase starts with eight chromatids in the nucleus of a cell, when telophase ends, how many chromosomes will be in the new nucleus?

Answer 69

If the prophase starts with eight chromatids in the nucleus of a cell, when telophase ends, the new nucleus will have FOUR chromosomes. The eight chromosomes form from the replication of four chromosomes, so when mitosis is over, the chromatids have separated at the centromeres and form eight chromosomes---- half of which move to each nucleus.

Question 70

How are cancer cells different, why is it so hard to cure?

Answer 70

The cancel cells divide too fast, they form tumors and spread - it's hard to stop the out of control division without hurting the normal cells.

Question 71

What's the differences between divisions meiosis 1 and II?

Answer 71

Meiosis 1 and II BOTH contain the prophase, metaphase and anaphase, BUT chromosomes replicate before meiosis I, but not before meiosis II. ONLY in meiosis I do tetrads form and align along the center of the cell, then homolous chromsomes separate and two haploid daughter cells form. This is different in meiosis II, where sister coromatids align along the cell center, then separate - from that In MEIOSIS FOUR haploid daughter cells form.

Question 72

If homologous chromosomes in a tetrad don't separate during anaphase I of meiosis, what happerns?

Answer 72

If homologous chromosomes in a tetrad don't separate during anaphase I of meiosis, half the gametes will have an extra chromosomes, and the other half will be missing one. When one of the gmetes fuses with a normal gamete during fertilization, the offspring will have an abnormal umber of chromosomes (NOT 2n) in its cells.