Biology Chapter 17

Question 1

group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific location and tend to mate with one another

Answer 1

Population

Question 2

The study of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and the environment

Answer 2

Ecology

Question 3

the total geographic area occupied by all populations of a species

Answer 3

Range

Question 4

Number of individuals in a population

Answer 4

Population size

Question 5

Number of individuals in some specified area or volume

Answer 5

Population Density

Question 6

how members of a population are spread out in their environment

Answer 6

Population Distribution

Question 7

Distribution of individuals among various age groups

Answer 7

Population Age structure

Question 8

the rate at which the population changes per individual in the population.

Answer 8

Per Capita Growth Rate

Question 9

describes how a population’s size changes over time if per capita growth rate is constant and resources are unlimited.

Answer 9

Exponential model of population growth

Question 10

factor whose negative effect on growth is felt most in dense populations

Answer 10

Density-dependent limiting factor

Question 11

Competition among members of the same species

Answer 11

Intraspecific Competition

Question 12

model of growth of a population limited by density-dependent factors

Answer 12

Logistic model of population growth

Question 13

maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely

Answer 13

Carrying capacity

Question 14

limits growth in populations regardless of their density

Answer 14

Density-Independent limiting factors

Question 15

maximum growth rate under ideal conditions

Answer 15

Biotic Potential

Question 16

a set of heritable traits related to growth, survival, and reproduction

Answer 16

Life history traits

Question 17

a group of individuals born in the same time interval

Answer 17

Cohort

Question 18

a graph showing a decline in numbers of a cohort over time

Answer 18

Survivorship curve

Question 19

individuals produce as many offspring as possible, as quickly as possible

Answer 19

Opportunistic life history

Question 20

individuals produce a few, high-quality offspring

Answer 20

Equilibrial life history

Question 21

average number of children born to women in a particular
population during their
reproductive years

Answer 21

Total fertility rate

Question 22

the amount of Earth’s surface required to support a particular level of development and consumption

Answer 22

Ecological footprint

Question 23

Population characteristics

Answer 23

Size
Density
Distribution types
Age structure

Question 24

members of the population are closer to one another that would be predicted by chance

Answer 24

Clumped Distribution

Question 25

individuals are more evenly distributed than expected by chance

Answer 25

Uniform Distribution

Question 26

Individuals are randomly distributed Rare in nature

Answer 26

Random Distribution

Question 27

For small, well-defined populations. Scientists can count all individuals of a population

Answer 27

Direct counts

Question 28

Mark-recapture sampling: researchers search for and capture animals, mark them, then release them, at a later point they capture animals again

Answer 28

Indirect counts

Question 29

Interact to determine population fates

Answer 29

Density-dependent and independent

Question 30

convex shape; high death rate late in life

Answer 30

Type I

Question 31

diagonal line; constant death rate at all ages

Answer 31

Type II

Question 32

concave shape; high death rate early in life

Answer 32

Type III

Question 33

Predation can alter life history patterns when predators (including humans) act as selective agents on prey populations

Answer 33

Effect of predators on life history patterns

Question 34

Factors leading to human population growth

Answer 34

Agriculture and Capacity for new skills allowed humans to live in all habitats

Question 35

Human population growth pattern

Answer 35

Increasing per capita growth rate for much of our history

Question 36

Wide base age structure diagram

Answer 36

Growing population

Question 37

Column shape age structure diagram

Answer 37

Stable population

Question 38

Narrow base age structure diagram

Answer 38

Shrinking population

Question 39

Demographic transition model High birth and death rates, low growth rate

Answer 39

Preindustrial

Question 40

Demographic transition model death rates fall, birthrates decline slowly, high growth

Answer 40

Transitional

Question 41

Demographic transition model Birthrates close to death rate, Stable growth

Answer 41

Industrial

Question 42

Demographic transition model Birthrate falls below death rate, shrinking

Answer 42

Postindustrial