Biology chapter 7 term 3

Question 1

the change of energy from one form to another

Answer 1

Transformation of energy

Question 2

the ability to do work

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

is the study of the flow and tranformation of energy in the universe

Answer 3

Thermodynamics

Question 4

is the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed

Answer 4

The first law of Thermodynamics

Question 5

states that energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy

Answer 5

The second law of Thermodynamics

Question 6

is the measure of disorder or usable energy in a system

Answer 6

entropy increase

Question 7

make their own food

Answer 7

Autotrophs

Question 8

is Light energy (sun) converted to chemical energy

Answer 8

Photoautotrophs

Question 9

obtain food from other organisms

Answer 9

Heterotrophs

Question 10

obtain energy from chemical reactions, use inorganic substances such as hydrogen sulfide

Answer 10

Chemotrophs

Question 11

All of the chemical reactions in a cell are referred to as a cell’s

Answer 11

metabolism

Question 12

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the surface for the next reaction is called

Answer 12

metabolic pathway

Question 13

pathways release energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Answer 13

catabolic pathways

Question 14

use the energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules

Answer 14

anabolic pathways

Question 15

is the anabolic pathway in which light energy is converted to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus released oxygen

Answer 15

photosynthesis

Question 16

is a catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy

Answer 16

cellular respiration

Question 17

is the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy

Answer 17

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 18

is a multipurpose storhouse if chemical energy that can be used by cells in a variety of reactions

Answer 18

ATP structure

Question 19

is the most abundant energy carrier molecule in cells and is found in all types of organisms

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

a nucleotide made of an adenine base, a ribosome sugar and three phosphate groups

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates. Its most important role is that it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP

Answer 22

ADP

Question 23

The products and reactants of photosynthesis are identified in the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis, which is?

Answer 23

6CO2+6H2O——>C6 H12 O6 +6O2

Question 24

what are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?

Answer 24

light-dependent reactions
light-independent reactions

Question 25

light energy is captured, or absorbed, by organelles called

Answer 25

chloroplasts

Question 26

light energy is captured, or absorbed, by organelles called chloroplasts. it is then converted into chemical energy, which is stored in ATP and NADPH molecules. which phase is this?

Answer 26

light-dependent reactions

Question 27

molecules of ATP and NADPH that were formed in the phase one light-dependent reactions are used to make glucose. which phase is this?

Answer 27

light-independent reactions

Question 27

once glucose is produced, it can be joined to other simple sugars to form complex carbohydrates, such as starch. The glucose molecules that are formed contain carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen. their hydrocarbon backbones are used to make amino acids .

Answer 27

step 3 of photosynthesis

Question 28

capture light energy in photosynthesis organisms in plants, and are found mainly in the cells of leaves

Answer 28

chloroplasts

Question 29

chloroplasts contain two main compartments essential in photosynthesis, what are they?

Answer 29

Thylakoids, stroma

Question 30

are flattened, saclike membranes that are arranged in stacks

Answer 30

Thylakoids

Question 31

The stacks of thylakoids are called

Answer 31

grana (singular, granum)

Question 32

The fluid-filled space that is outside the grana and is the location of the light-independent reactions that take place in phase two of photosynthesis

Answer 32

Stroma

Question 33

light absorbing colored molecules and are found in the thylakoid membranes

Answer 33

pigments

Question 34

The major light-absorbing pigments in plants are

Answer 34

chlorophylls

Question 35

There are several types of chlorophylls but the two most common types are

Answer 35

chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

Question 36

chlorophylls absorb light energy most strongly in

Answer 36

the violet-blue region and reflect light in the green region

Question 37

absorb light mainly in the blue and green regions of the spectrum, while reflecting most light in the yellow, orange, and red regions ( are the pigments that produce the colors of carrots and sweet potatoes )

Answer 37

Carotenoids

Question 38

is the process that helps plants make their own energy, using sunlight as their main source of power

Answer 38

chemiosmosis

Question 39

is another name in phase 2 of photosynthesis ( light-independent reaction)

Answer 39

Calvin cycle

Question 40

.....in which energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose

Answer 40

calvin cycle

Question 41

Organisms obtain energy from a process called......, during which the bonds of food and oxygen molecules are broken and energy transfers from one set of interacting molecules to another.

Answer 41

cellular respiration

Question 42

cellular respiration is summarized in the equation

Answer 42

C6 H6 O6+ 6O2 +6H2O----> 6CO2 + 6H2 O + Energy

Question 43

cellular respiration has two main parts

Answer 43

Anaerobic processes and Aerobic processes

Question 44

do not require oxygen

Answer 44

Anaerobic processes

Question 45

require oxygen

Answer 45

Aerobic processes

Question 46

is an anaerobic process

Answer 46

Glycolysis

Question 47

is an aerobic process

Answer 47

Krebs cycle , electron transport

Question 48

glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm through a process of

Answer 48

Glycolysis

Question 49

is broken down during glycolysis inside the cytoplasm of cells

Answer 49

Glucose

Question 50

The series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide is called the

Answer 50

Krebs cycle or the (tricarboxylic acid) or (citric cycle)

Question 51

occurs in the cytoplasm and regenerates the cell's supply of NAD+ while producing a small amount of ATP

Answer 51

Fermentation

Question 52

what are the two types of fermentation?

Answer 52

Lactic Acid fermentation, Alcohol Fermentation

Question 53

enzymes convert the pyruvate made during glycolysis to

Answer 53

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 54

occurs in yeast and some bacteria

Answer 54

Alcohol Fermentation

Question 55

what are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 55

oxygen and glucose

Question 56

what are the products of cellular respiration?

Answer 56

carbon dioxide and water

Question 57

one adaptive pathway that helps plants maintain photosynthesis while minimizing water loss is the....

Answer 57

C4 pathway (plants)

Question 58

occurs in plants such as sugarcane and corn

Answer 58

C4 pathway

Question 59

keep their stomata(plant cell pores) closed during hot days, while the Four-carbon compounds are transferred to special cells where CO2 enters the Calvin cycle. this helps minimize water loss

Answer 59

C4 plants

Question 60

another adaptive pathway used by some plants to maximize photosynthetic activity is called

Answer 60

crassulacean

Question 61

occurs in water-conserving plants that live in the desserts,salt marshes and other environments where access to water is limited

Answer 61

CAM plants

Question 62

what are some examples of CAM plants?

Answer 62

cacti, orchids, and pineapples

Question 63

allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaves only at night, when the atmosphere is cooler and more humid

Answer 63

CAM plants