Biology Chapter 9 & 12 Study Guide Flashcards
Hereditary:
looking at the relation between parent
and offspring
Trait:
quality of genes in living organism
Cross-Pollination:
2 separate plant fertilize each other
True-Breeding:
parents produce offspring of exact same phenotype as themselves
Law of Segregation:
Mendel’s law and states that alleles of a gene pair go to a separate gamete
Law of Independent Assortment:
every pair assorts into newly formed
gametes
Allele:
specific location on a gene
Genotype:
actual alleles
Phenotype:
expression of genes
Test cross:
how to figure out genotype
Co-dominance:
2 dominant traits, both are expressed
Incomplete dominance:
dominant alleles are partially expressed, usually results in offspring with
intermediate phenotype
Germ-cell mutation:
mutation that occurs in gametes
Somatic cell mutation:
mutation that occurs in body cells
Translocation:
chromosomal segment is moved
form one location to another
Non-disjunction:
a chromosome doesn’t break off
Point mutation:
mutations that happen in a single
location of DNA
Frame shift mutation:
insertion or deletion causes a shift in
reading frame
Pedigree:
way you trace a particular trait in a family
Sex-influenced trait:
has to do with x or y chromosomes,
guy or girl
Carrier:
not expressed trait, just carrier for it,
but can pass it to offspring
Genetic disorder:
condition caused by defective gene
Polygenic:
phenotype influenced by many genes
Complex character:
influenced strongly by environment
or genes
