Biology exam 2

Question 1

what is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species called?

Answer 1

Phylogeny

Question 2

Which discipline classifies organism and determines their evolutionary relationship?

Answer 2

Systematics

Question 3

what types of data do systematic use to infer evolutionary relationship between organism?

Answer 3

Fossil, molecular, and genetic data

Question 4

What do we call the classification and naming organism?

Answer 4

Taxonomy

Question 5

Write to any scientific name

Answer 5

tulipa

Question 6

What are the two words that make up that binomial?

Answer 6

Genus and specific epithet

Question 7

Write out the taxonomic hierarchy from broad to narrow?

Answer 7

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Question 8

This diagram to the right represent a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships and is known as a

Answer 8

Phylogentic tree

Question 9

What are groups known as that share an immediate common ancestors?

Answer 9

Sister taxa

Question 10

Circle the basal taxon in the diagram to the right. why is it the basal taxon?

Answer 10

Diverge early from the group and originates with the common ancestors

Question 11

phylogenetic trees showcpatterns of descent, not phenotypic –, therefore it should never be assumed that a taxon evolved from-

Answer 11

1. similiraty

2. the taxon right next to it

Question 12

describe the difference between homology and analogy

Answer 12

A- similarity due to shared ancestry

H- similarity due to convergent evolution

Question 13

how do systematist analyze comparable DNA segment from different organism?

Answer 13

Computer programs and mathematical tools

Question 14

what is he disciplines that groups organism by common descent?

Answer 14

Cladistics

Question 15

A clade is a group of species that includes an ancestral species an -

Answer 15

All of its descendent

Question 16

which type of group is recognized as the only true clade?

Answer 16

Monophyletic

Question 17

what does a paraphyletic grouping include and give an example

Answer 17

Ancestral species and some descendants reptiles and birds

Question 18

what does a polyphyletic grouping include and give an example

Answer 18

various species with different ancestors

Question 19

what is a character called that originates in an ancestor of the taxon

Answer 19

Shared ancestral character

Question 20

what is a character called that is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade?

Answer 20

Shared derived

Question 21

construct a cladogram using these organism and derived traits

Answer 21

LOOK AT NOTES! Q.21

Question 22

What is the rule that assumes that the tree that requires the fewest evolutionary events(appearances of shared derived characteristics) is the most likely?

Answer 22

Maximum Parsimony

Question 23

when are phylogenetic hypotheses modified?

Answer 23

When new evidence arises

Question 24

What do four chambered-heart, song, nest building and brooding have in common?

Answer 24

Shared characters in modern birds and crocodiles p.p.40

Question 25

DNA that codes for rRNA changes relatively slowly and is useful for investigating branching points hundreds of millions of years ago

Answer 25

True

Question 26

mtDNA evolves rapidly and can be used to explore more recent evolutionary events

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What type of genes are found in a single copy in the gnome and a are homologous between species?

Answer 27

Orthologous

Question 28

What type of genes results from gene duplication, so are found in more than one copy of the gnome?

Answer 28

Paralogous

Question 29

Humans and mice diverged about 65 million years ago, and 99% of

Answer 29

Our genes are orthologous

Question 30

Gene number and the complexity of an organism are very strongly linked

Answer 30

False

Question 31

how did we figure out that a specific strain of HIV likely spread to humans sometime in the 1930's?

Answer 31

Molecular clock

Question 32

Describe the evolution of our understanding of classification and the tree of life

Answer 32

- Everything on this planet is plant and animals - we had five kingdoms -bacteria, archea, and eukarya adapted with RNA P.P. 58

Question 33

There are more prokaryotic organism in a handful of fertile soil than

Answer 33

of people we have ever lived

Question 34

What is the difference between the cells walls of Bacteria and Archaea?

Answer 34

Bacteria cells contain peptidoglycan

Question 35

What are longer than timbre and allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA?

Answer 35

Pili

Question 36

There are some difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication, transcription, and translation, why is this a good thing?

Answer 36

These allow people to use antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth without harming

Question 37

what do rapid reproduction, mutation, and genetic recombination contribute to in a prokaryotes?

Answer 37

Genetic diversity

Question 38

Transformation, transduction, and conjugation, in prokaryotes, are all forms of what?

Answer 38

Genetics recombination

Question 39

What allows for antibiotics-resitant strains of bacteria to become more common?

Answer 39

Natural selection

Question 40

What is dental plague?

Answer 40

Biofilm

Question 41

Name as many archaea/Bacterial groups. example and important/ interesting point that you can think

Answer 41

LOOK AT NOTES!

Question 42

Write down as many example of bacteria being helpful to humans as you can think of

Answer 42

- Antibiotics - yogurt - healing concrete with limestone

Question 43

What is a protist?

Answer 43

A eukaryotes that is not a plant, animal, and fungi

Question 44

most protist are ----, although there are some colonial and multicellular one

Answer 44

Unicellular

Question 45

Protist are the most ----- diverse organism

Answer 45

structurally

Question 46

Some are the most --- diverse eukaryotes

Answer 46

Nutritionally

Question 47

some protist are exclusively asexual, while most have sexual life cycles including --and ----

Answer 47

1. meiosis | 2. fertilization

Question 48

Name as many protist phyla, or common name, or both, and something important or interesting about each of them, as you can think of.

Answer 48

PP.69-95

Question 49

in regard to photosynthetic protist and prokaryotes in aquatic environment, we have noticed a trend that as sea surface temperature increase, ----

Answer 49

Biomass

Question 50

What is the compound found in charophytes that prevents the zygotes from drying out and is also found in plant spore walls?

Answer 50

Sporopollenin

Question 51

NV,SV,G,A

Answer 51

LOOK AT NOTES!!

Question 52

What is your favorites gymnosperm?

Answer 52

cedar

Question 53

Why is water no longer required for fertilization in the seed-producing vascular plants?

Answer 53

pollen grains are light enough to be carry by air or insects

Question 54

what are the most recent, successful, diverse, economically/ecologically important group of plants on the planet today?

Answer 54

Angiosperm

Question 55

Label this complete flower with all collective terminology

Answer 55

LOOK AT NOTES!!

Question 56

Describe double fertilization

Answer 56

1st sperm cell + egg cell=zygote | 2nd sperm cell +2polar nuclei + triploid endosperm nucleus

Question 57

describe 5 post fertilization details

Answer 57

zygote > embryo T.E.N> endosperm integument> seed coat Ovule >seed

Question 58

what do these three groups of flowering plants have in common?

Question 59

label each of the four section either eudicot and monocot

Answer 59

LOOK AT NOTES!!!

Question 60

Name as many monocots as you can and name as many eudicot as you can