Biology Flashcards 3 - CNS, Endocrine system, Reproduction, Cells

Question 1

What are sense organs called?

Answer 1

Receptor cells

Question 2

What is an electrical impulse?

Answer 2

Signal that is sent along the neurone cells giving us information about the changes in our environment

Question 3

What is a motor neurone

Answer 3

Sends electrical impulses away from the central nervous system

Question 4

What is a reflex action?

Answer 4

A fast, automatic response.
This is not conscious.

Question 5

What is the endocrine system (Three)

Answer 5

• Made up of glands
• Glands release hormones that travel through the bloodstream
• The blood carries the hormone to the target organ

Question 6

What hormones give a fast response? (Two)

Answer 6

• Adrenaline
• Insulin

Question 7

What is the endocrine gland in the brain called?

Answer 7

Pituitary

Question 8

What does the thyroid do/control?

Answer 8

Controls the metabolic rate

Question 9

What does the pancreas do/control?

Answer 9

Controls blood glucose levels

Question 10

What is the function of the testes?

Answer 10

Controls development of male secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the production of sperm

Question 11

What does the pituitary gland control/do? (Four - inc. difference in males and females)

Answer 11

• Controls growth
• Stimulates thyroid gland to make thyroxine (controls metabolism)
• in Females: stimulates ovaries to produce and release eggs
• Males: Stimulates testes to produce sperm

Question 12

What does the Adrenal gland do?

Answer 12

Prepares the body for stressful situations

Question 13

What is oestrogen and where is it made? (Three)

Answer 13

• Made in the ovaries
• Causes lining of the uterus to develop
• Stops production of FSH and stimulates LH production

Question 14

What is FSH and where is it made? (Three)

Answer 14

• Made in the pituitary gland, found below the brain
• Triggers oestrogen production
• Matures egg in the uterus

Question 15

What is a receptor?

Answer 15

A specialised cell that detects a stimulus and converts into an electrical impulse

Question 16

How does information cross a synapse? (Two)

Answer 16

• Chemicals (neurotransmitters) are released ad they diffuse across the gap.
• This triggers an electrical impulse in the next neurone.

Question 17

What do the ovaries do?(Two)

Answer 17

• Controls development of female secondary sexual characteristics involved in the menstrual cycle.
• Produces the hormone oestrogen.

Question 18

How does information travel along a neurone?

Answer 18

An electrical impulse

Question 19

What is the name of the neurone that carries info from CNS to an effector?

Answer 19

Motor neurone

Question 20

What type of neurone carries information from the receptor to the CNS

Answer 20

Sensory neurone

Question 21

What neurone is found between the sensory & motor neurone to allow them to communicate?

Answer 21

Relay neurone

Question 22

What are effectors?

Answer 22

These are muscles and glands and they bring about changes so that we respond to changes in our environment.

Question 23

What happens to the muscle when it receives an impulse from a motor neurone? (Two)

Answer 23

• The muscle contracts
• This minimises any damage to the body from potentially harmful conditions

Question 24

What is the endocrine system made of? What does this lead to?

Answer 24

• Made up of glands that release chemicals called hormones into the blood.
• The blood carries the hormone to the target organ. The target organ has receptors on the cell membrane.

Question 25

How are muscles different to hormonal effects? (Two)

Answer 25

• Hormonal effects are slower but longer lasting.
• Some hormones can give a faster response E.g. insulin controls blood glucose levels

Question 26

What is LH and where is it made? (Two)

Answer 26

• It is made in the pituitary gland
• Triggers the release of the egg

Question 27

What is progesterone and where is it made?

Answer 27

• Maintains lining of the uterus, inhabits FSH and LH
• Made in the empty egg

Question 28

How does the contraceptive pill work?

Answer 28

• Mixed pill contains low doses of oestrogen along with some progesterone. The hormones inhibit the production and release of FSH by the pituitary gland, affecting the ovaries, so no eggs mature

Question 29

Pros and cons of the contraceptive pill? (Two each)

Answer 29

Pros:
- Highly effective
- Easy to take

Cons:
- Side effects
- Doesn’t protect against STD’s

Question 30

What is meiosis?

Answer 30

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in sex cells called gametes

Question 31

What HAPPENS in meiosis? (Five)

Answer 31

• Chromosomes duplicate
• identical chromosomes line up along equator
• Chromosomes separate
• Cells split in 2, halving chromosomes
• Chromosomes separate again

Question 32

Five differences between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 32

MITOSIS:
- The chromosome number is 1/2
- Produces 2 daughter cells
- Daughter cells are genetically identical
- The chromosome number is daughter cell is same as parent cells
- Daughter cells are not genetically identical

MEIOSIS:
- Produces gametes
- This cell divides twice
- The cell divides once
- Produces 4 daughter cells
- Used for growth and repair, and asexual reproduction